GPS RESEARCH LIBRARY: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) ============================================================ Georgia Prisoners' Speak — gps.press Generated: 2026-09-11 12:46:04 EDT Research Date: 2026-09-06 Topic: Conditions & Operations JSON: https://gps.press/research-data/georgia-prisons-ncj-69997-1976/?format=json SUMMARY ---------------------------------------- This 1976 Georgia Advisory Committee report to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights documents conditions in Georgia state prisons, finding systemic deficiencies in medical care, disciplinary procedures, legal services, education, recreation, and racial disparities in staffing. The report finds that while 60% of male and 65% of female inmates were Black, only 16% of correctional officers and counselors were Black, and that over 25% of prisoners were housed in county work camps. The document provides detailed findings on solitary confinement practices, noting that most institutions did not permit exercise for isolated inmates and that Chatham did not permit bathing at all. STATISTICS (75) ---------------------------------------- - [reported] Georgia incarceration rate highest in nation, 1975 Georgia had the highest inmate population in the nation -- 214 inmates per 100,000 residents. Value: 214.0 inmates per 100,000 residents Date: 1975-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] One-fourth of Georgia state prisoners housed in county facilities, October 1973 In October 1973 when data for this report was first gathered, one-fourth of the State prisoners were not housed in State institutions but in 43 county correctional facilities throughout Georgia. Value: 25.0 percent Date: 1973-10-01 Tags: facilities,conditions,transfers Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] County facilities housing state prisoners range from 11 to 332 inmates Prisoner populations of these county units range from 11 to 332. Value: 11.0 inmates (vs. 332 maximum) Date: 1973-10-01 Tags: facilities,demographics Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Only 10 percent of inmates participating in work release The Advisory Committee finds that the most productive and economical activity has been the work release program. Currently, only 10 percent of Georgia's inmates are participating. Value: 10.0 percent Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: reentry,operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] State paid counties $3 per day per prisoner for care The State Board of Corrections sets living and working condition standards and pays the counties $3 a day for each prisoner's care. Value: 3.0 dollars per day per prisoner Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: budget,facilities,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 492 prisoners in county facilities at time of Ault's freeze announcement County correctional facilities were housing 492 prisoners at the time of Commissioner Allen L. Ault's announcement closing Georgia's State prisons to any increase in the total number of prisoners. Value: 492.0 prisoners Date: 1975-10-07 Tags: facilities,conditions,policy Sources: Atlanta Journal report on Ault prison freeze - [reported] 93 percent of Georgia prisoners have no saleable skills Commissioner MacDougall said that 93 percent have no saleable skills and over 3,000 are totally illiterate. Value: 93.0 percent Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: demographics,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Over 3,000 Georgia prisoners totally illiterate Commissioner MacDougall said that over 3,000 are totally illiterate. Value: 3000.0 inmates Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia prison population 27 percent mentally retarded, 1968 HEW study A nationwide testing of 90,000 inmates by the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in 1968 revealed that approximately 10 percent of the nation's prison population was mentally retarded (IQ below 70). The figure for the South was 24 percent; for Georgia 27 percent. Value: 27.0 percent (vs. 24 South average) Date: 1968-01-01 Tags: mental_health,demographics Sources: The Mentally Retarded Offender (HEW, HSM 72-9039) - [reported] South prison population 24 percent mentally retarded, 1968 The figure for the South was 24 percent for mentally retarded prison population (IQ below 70), according to the 1968 HEW study. Value: 24.0 percent Date: 1968-01-01 Tags: mental_health,demographics Sources: The Mentally Retarded Offender (HEW, HSM 72-9039) - [reported] Cost to train a mentally retarded person to be a criminal estimated at $36,000 Pat Norton, director of the Atlanta Association for Retarded Children's Project on mentally retarded persons in prison, said: 'It costs $36,000 to train a mentally retarded person to be a criminal.' Mr. Norton based this figure on the cost of arrest, trial, conviction, and incarceration for a period of 3 years. Value: 36000.0 dollars Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: mental_health,budget Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women housed 350 women prisoners in 1957 The Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women was refurbished and used to house 350 women prisoners in 1957. Value: 350.0 women prisoners Date: 1957-01-01 Tags: facilities,demographics Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 200 of 345 women inmates assigned work duties at women's prison At the time of the investigative team's visit, 200 of the 345 inmates were assigned work duties--50 worked in the kitchen of the State mental hospital and others worked as nurses' aides and clerical and physical therapy assistants; 60 women were in vocational rehabilitation, and the rest had no work assignments. Value: 200.0 inmates assigned work (vs. 345 total inmates) Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 60 women in vocational rehabilitation at women's prison 60 women were in vocational rehabilitation at the Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women. Value: 60.0 women Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 10 women on work release paid regular salaries The 10 women on work release are paid regular salaries but reimburse the department for their room and board. Value: 10.0 women Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Over 65 percent of female inmate population black Of the total female inmate population, more than 65 percent are black and most are under 30 years old. Value: 65.0 percent Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker dormitories accommodate 220 people The men at Walker Correctional Institution live in dormitories which can accommodate 220 people. Value: 220.0 people Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker inmate advisor program has 16-member staff with caseloads of 10 inmates each Walker has an inmate advisor program with a 16-member staff, including a superintendent, an assistant, and 14 advisors, each of whom carries a caseload of 10 inmates. Value: 16.0 staff members Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker work release earnings and reimbursements, 1974 According to the department's 1974 Annual Report, 14 men in the work release program at Walker earned $39,830.10, out of which they paid $4,530.30 Federal income tax. The State was reimbursed $9,973.90 for upkeep. Value: 39830.1 dollars earned Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry,budget Sources: Georgia Department of Corrections 1974 Annual Report - [reported] Walker work release participants paid $4,530.30 federal income tax 14 men in the work release program at Walker paid $4,530.30 Federal income tax, according to the department's 1974 Annual Report. Value: 4530.3 dollars Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry,budget Sources: Georgia Department of Corrections 1974 Annual Report - [reported] State reimbursed $9,973.90 for Walker work release upkeep The State was reimbursed $9,973.90 for upkeep from Walker work release participants, according to the department's 1974 Annual Report. Value: 9973.9 dollars Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry,budget Sources: Georgia Department of Corrections 1974 Annual Report - [reported] Montgomery Correctional Institution built to house 186 inmates Montgomery Correctional Institution, which opened the same time as Walker, was built to house 186 inmates. Value: 186.0 inmates Date: 1972-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery maximum capacity 218 with double-deck bunks Montgomery Correctional Institution has two small dormitories, each with 26 men. The rest are housed in three dormitories with double-deck bunks which bring the institution's maximum capacity to 218. Value: 218.0 inmates (vs. 186 original design capacity) Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Legal counseling project has three attorneys and two law students In most instances inmates who want legal materials prepared depend on the prisoners' legal counseling project, which has a staff of three attorneys and two law students. Value: 3.0 attorneys Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: legal,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Work release programs planned for 40 Montgomery inmates At the time of the investigation, work release programs were being planned for 40 inmates at Montgomery Correctional Institution. Value: 40.0 inmates Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Approximately 1,230 inmates enrolled in academic courses in fiscal 1974 According to Department of Offender Rehabilitation figures, approximately 1,230 inmates in State prisons were enrolled in academic courses in fiscal 1974. Value: 1230.0 inmates Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham dormitories house 16 to 70 inmates each Each dormitory at Chatham Correctional Institution houses 16 to 70 inmates. Value: 16.0 inmates (vs. 70 maximum) Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham work details: 9 at airport, 51 on county roads At the time of the Advisory Committee's visit, nine inmates were on work detail at the airport that services Savannah. Three work details maintained the county roads. One detail had 18 men, one had 19 men, and the third had 14. Value: 9.0 inmates at airport Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 467 Alto inmates in adult basic education as of June 1974 As of June 1974, 467 Alto inmates were involved in the adult basic education program. Value: 467.0 inmates Date: 1974-06-01 Tags: operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham work details: 10 in laundry, 28 in kitchen Ten men worked in the laundry; 28 men worked in the kitchen at Chatham Correctional Institution. Value: 10.0 inmates in laundry (vs. 28 inmates in kitchen) Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Twenty Alto students received high school diplomas during the year Twenty students received high school diplomas during the year at Alto. Value: 20.0 students Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 12 Chatham men on work release earning at least $2 per hour Twelve men were on work release for which they received not less than $2 per hour. Value: 12.0 men Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 362 prisoners passed GED test in 1974 A total of 362 prisoners in State institutions passed the general education equivalency test in 1974. Value: 362.0 prisoners Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 15 Chatham inmates in vocational-technical school receiving $20 per week Fifteen were involved in vocational-technical school and each was given $20 a week, out of which they paid transportation and lunch expenses. Value: 15.0 inmates Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 750 vocational training positions available systemwide Throughout the system there are 750 vocational training positions available to inmates -- most are used for youthful offenders at the Alto Georgia Industrial Institute and the Buford Georgia Training and Development Center. Value: 750.0 positions Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,policy,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [estimated] About 30 Chatham inmates on building maintenance staff About 30 were assigned to the building maintenance staff at Chatham Correctional Institution. Value: 30.0 inmates Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Alto vocational program reaches 754 of approximately 1,000 inmates According to Donald Parks, assistant supervisor, the vocational training program at Alto reaches '754 out of a population of approximately 1,000... We have one psychiatrist. And that is mainly our staff.' Value: 754.0 inmates (vs. 1000 total population) Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health,staffing,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] More than 180 inmates took college level courses in 1974 More than 180 inmates availed themselves of college level courses provided in several institutions in 1974. Value: 180.0 inmates Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [estimated] Wayne has about 45 men in each cell There are about 45 men in each cell at Wayne Correctional Institution. Value: 45.0 men per cell Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Colony Farm Correctional Institution established 1972 for approximately 185 men Georgia's elderly and infirm male inmates are incarcerated in the Colony Farm Correctional Institution near Hardwick. This prison was established in 1972 to provide for approximately 185 men. Value: 185.0 men Date: 1972-01-01 Tags: facilities,demographics Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Colony Farm has 21 correctional officers The institution has 21 correctional officers in addition to the superintendent and his deputy, the business manager, medical technical assistant, correctional counselor, and recreation director. Value: 21.0 correctional officers Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison received 1,800 books from Atlanta book benefit One teacher at the women's prison said that in the fall of 1973 her institution received 1,800 books from a 'book benefit' in Atlanta. Value: 1800.0 books Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain average length of stay less than 16 months Stone Mountain is for short-term prisoners. Average length of stay is less than 16 months. Value: 16.0 months Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: demographics,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain dormitory capacities: two house 56 men each, two trustee dormitories house 15 each There are five dormitories, two house 56 men each, two trustee dormitories house approximately 15 men each, and a separate structure houses inmates who work on kitchen detail. Value: 56.0 men per dormitory Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain inmates maintain about 75 vehicles Others are assigned to the printing plant, automotive maintenance shop (to maintain some 75 vehicles), Governor's mansion to maintain grounds, State Patrol Headquarters (where they install radios and maintain grounds and vehicles), and to the State Forestry Commission. Value: 75.0 vehicles Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain gives certificates in 15 occupational categories The institution gives certificates in 15 different occupational categories. Value: 15.0 occupational categories Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 10 Stone Mountain inmates in work release programs Ten inmates were in work release programs at Stone Mountain Correctional Institution at the time of the study. Value: 10.0 inmates Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam Correctional Institution built 1955 with 120-man dormitory capacity Putnam Correctional Institution, built in 1955 just outside rural Eatonton in central Georgia, is typical of the outmoded small institutions. Two dormitories with a 120-man capacity are in the rear, divided by a dining area. Value: 120.0 men capacity Date: 1955-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 9 Putnam men on work release to Georgia Pacific Corporation Nine men were on work release to Georgia Pacific Corporation from Putnam Correctional Institution. Value: 9.0 men Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia Department of Corrections operates 16 adult prisons and 4 special centers In addition to the 16 adult prisons, Georgia's Department of Corrections now also incorporates four special centers: 2 work release, 1 pre-release, and 1 drug treatment. Value: 16.0 adult prisons Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia operates 2 work release centers, 1 pre-release, 1 drug treatment center Georgia's Department of Corrections incorporates four special centers: 2 work release, 1 pre-release, and 1 drug treatment. Value: 4.0 special centers Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations,drugs,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Prison system employed 7 medical doctors and 4 dentists full-time, October 1973 As of October 1973, the prison system employed seven medical doctors and four dentists on a full-time basis. Five of the doctors were at the central medical facility at Reidsville. The other two were at the Diagnostic Center and Alto. Value: 7.0 medical doctors Date: 1973-10-01 Tags: medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Prison system employed 4 dentists full-time, October 1973 As of October 1973, the prison system employed four dentists on a full-time basis. Value: 4.0 dentists Date: 1973-10-01 Tags: medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison doctor visits 1 hour per day, 5 days per week Women are given routine physicals by the doctor from Central State Hospital who comes for 1 hour a day, 5 days a week. During this hour he gives 10 to 12 physicals and tends to the daily sick call. Value: 1.0 hour per day Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison doctor gives 10 to 12 physicals per hour During the doctor's 1-hour daily visit at the women's prison, he gives 10 to 12 physicals and tends to the daily sick call. Value: 10.0 physicals per hour (vs. 12 maximum) Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison psychiatrist visits 2 hours per week The medical staff consists of the inmate nurse, a Cuban psychiatrist (with whom the prisoners said they had difficulty communicating) who visits the institution 2 hours a week, and a correctional officer who once worked in a drugstore. Value: 2.0 hours per week Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: mental_health,medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia State Prison work assignments: 316 agricultural, 320 correctional industries, 1,626 institutional maintenance As of January 1974, Georgia State Prison had 316 inmates on agricultural details, 320 in correctional industries, and 1,626 in institutional maintenance. Value: 316.0 inmates on agricultural details Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia Industrial Institute work assignments: 31 agricultural, 17 industries, 363 maintenance, 26 away, 23 work release As of January 1974, Georgia Industrial Institute had 31 inmates on agricultural details, 17 in correctional industries, 363 in institutional maintenance, 26 on details away from institution, and 23 on work release. Value: 31.0 inmates on agricultural details Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Diagnostic Center work assignments: 82 institutional maintenance, 1 away As of January 1974, the Diagnostic Center had 82 inmates in institutional maintenance and 1 on details away from institution. Value: 82.0 inmates in institutional maintenance Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison work assignments: 172 in kitchen As of January 1974, the women's prison had 172 inmates assigned to kitchen work. Value: 172.0 inmates in kitchen Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery work assignments: 11 industries, 150 maintenance, 41 road, 5 away As of January 1974, Montgomery Correctional Institution had 11 inmates in correctional industries, 150 in institutional maintenance, 41 on road details, and 5 on details away from institution. Value: 11.0 inmates in correctional industries Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker work assignments: 6 agricultural, 85 maintenance, 27 away, 15 work release As of January 1974, Walker Correctional Institution had 6 inmates on agricultural details, 85 in institutional maintenance, 27 on details away from institution, and 15 on work release. Value: 6.0 inmates on agricultural details Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham work assignments: 4 industries, 74 maintenance, 81 road, 15 away As of January 1974, Chatham Correctional Institution had 4 inmates in correctional industries, 74 in institutional maintenance, 81 on road details, and 15 on details away from institution. Value: 4.0 inmates in correctional industries Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Training Center work assignments: 84 maintenance, 6 park, 16 away As of January 1974, the Training Center had 84 inmates in institutional maintenance, 6 on park details, and 16 on details away from institution. Value: 84.0 inmates in institutional maintenance Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne work assignments: 33 agricultural, 33 maintenance, 33 road, 2 away As of January 1974, Wayne Correctional Institution had 33 inmates on agricultural details, 33 in institutional maintenance, 33 on road details, and 2 on details away from institution. Value: 33.0 inmates on agricultural details Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain work assignments: 8 industries, 46 maintenance, 60 park, 3 road, 15 away, 10 work release As of January 1974, Stone Mountain Correctional Institution had 8 inmates in correctional industries, 46 in institutional maintenance, 60 on park details, 3 on road details, 15 on details away from institution, and 10 on work release. Value: 8.0 inmates in correctional industries Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Lee work assignments: 8 agricultural, 27 maintenance, 17 road, 28 away, 40 work release As of January 1974, Lee Correctional Institution had 8 inmates on agricultural details, 27 in institutional maintenance, 17 on road details, 28 on details away from institution, and 40 on work release. Value: 8.0 inmates on agricultural details Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam work assignments: 39 maintenance, 63 road, 16 away, 9 work release As of January 1974, Putnam Correctional Institution had 39 inmates in institutional maintenance, 63 on road details, 16 on details away from institution, and 9 on work release. Value: 39.0 inmates in institutional maintenance Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Ware work assignments: 2 agricultural, 8 industries, 16 maintenance, 65 road, 16 away, 10 work release As of January 1974, Ware Correctional Institution had 2 inmates on agricultural details, 8 in correctional industries, 16 in institutional maintenance, 65 on road details, 16 on details away from institution, and 10 on work release. Value: 2.0 inmates on agricultural details Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Lowndes work assignments: 8 industries, 42 maintenance As of January 1974, Lowndes Correctional Institution had 8 inmates in correctional industries and 42 in institutional maintenance. Value: 8.0 inmates in correctional industries Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Total Georgia prisoner work assignments January 1974: 396 agricultural, 376 industries, 2,668 maintenance, 66 park, 308 road, 339 away, 110 work release As of January 1974, total work assignments for Georgia prisoners were: 396 on agricultural details, 376 in correctional industries, 2,668 in institutional maintenance, 66 on park details, 308 on road details, 339 on details away from institution, and 110 on work release. Value: 396.0 inmates on agricultural details Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison has four dormitories and four dayrooms There are four dormitories and four dayrooms at the Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women. Value: 4.0 dormitories Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery has two small dormitories with 26 men each There are two small dormitories, each with 26 men, at Montgomery Correctional Institution. Value: 26.0 men per dormitory Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham has five dormitories There are five dormitories at Chatham Correctional Institution. Value: 5.0 dormitories Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne has four dormitories Wayne Correctional Institution has four dormitories. Value: 4.0 dormitories Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) FINDINGS (111) ---------------------------------------- - [reported] Racial disparity in correctional staffing The Advisory Committee finds that although 60 percent of all male inmates and more than 65 percent of all female inmates are black, only 16 percent of correctional officers and counselors are black. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: demographics,staffing,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Over 25 percent of prisoners housed in county work camps The Advisory Committee finds that most of the adult prisoners in the State penal system are kept in accommodations that are dehumanizing: most of the institutions house more inmates than the facilities were constructed to hold. Over 25 percent are housed in county work camps. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: facilities,conditions,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Only three institutions have full-time doctors or dentists The Advisory Committee finds that the medical services are inadequate. Only three institutions have full-time doctors or dentists. No full-time psychiatrist is employed. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: medical,staffing,mental_health Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] No full-time psychiatrist employed in Georgia prisons The Advisory Committee finds that no full-time psychiatrist is employed in the Georgia prison system. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: mental_health,medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] No full-time gynecologist at women's prison The Advisory Committee recommends particular attention needs to be given to the women's institution, where there is no full-time gynecologist or other medical doctor. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: medical,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Central State Hospital will not perform abortions Central State Hospital will not perform abortions. Women who request them are taken to Augusta or Atlanta, but all the women who wish to have abortions do not get them. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,policy,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Reidsville herds to provide meat for all state institutions The director of food service for the Georgia prison system said in an interview in January 1974 that by the end of the year the swine and beef herds at Reidsville would be able to provide the meat required by all the State institutions. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Most inmates had not received copies of rule handbooks Wardens at all the institutions except Putnam and Ware stated they had written rule books outlining rules of the institution. However, most inmates who were interviewed stated they had not received copies of the handbooks. Those who acknowledged receiving them said the handbooks were issued some years ago and they had not received updated versions. Date: 1975-01-01 Tags: policy,conditions,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Only Stone Mountain and Lowndes spell out specific penalties Only Stone Mountain and Lowndes spell out specific penalties for infractions. Specific rule infractions are not contained in the handbook publication. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,operations,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Original women's prison building condemned, women moved March 1973 The original Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women building was condemned and the women were moved in March 1973 into another old, inadequate structure which had been renovated by male prisoners to make it fit for habitation by the women. Date: 1973-03-01 Tags: facilities,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women prisoners received no pay for work at Central State Hospital Inmates do not receive pay for their work but the prison receives food and lodging from the State mental facility in exchange for the women's labor. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham warden had to consult rule book on solitary limits At Chatham, however, where inmates had expressed profound dread of this punishment, the warden had to consult the rule book before responding to the question about the 14-day solitary confinement limit. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,operations,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Four women prisoners worked as maids at Governor's mansion without compensation The four women prisoners who work as maids live at the work release center in Atlanta. They are called upon to serve the Governor's dinner parties and receive no compensation. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Lee and Putnam medical checks every 2 days in solitary Most of the other institutions provide a daily check by the medical technical assistant; at Lee and Putnam the medical technical assistant checks are made every 2 days. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,medical,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Only Lowndes has no medical check in solitary Only Lowndes has no medical check at all for inmates in solitary confinement. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,medical,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker Correctional Institution opened August 1972 Walker Correctional Institution, which opened in August 1972, represents a newer kind of institution designed especially for young offenders who, department officials believe, might profit best from rehabilitative programs. Date: 1972-08-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Most institutions do not permit solitary inmates to exercise Most of the institutions do not permit inmates to leave their isolation cells for exercise. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Lowndes permits only underclothing in solitary Most institutions permit inmates in solitary to wear regular prison clothing. Lowndes permits only underclothing. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Lee allows solitary inmate to visit with wife and mother Lee Correctional Institution allows a man in solitary to visit with his wife and mother. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Six institutions allow only Bible as reading material in solitary Chatham, Lee, Putnam, Ware, Lowndes, and the Training Center allow a Bible as the sole reading materials in solitary cells. All others permit legal papers as well as the Bible. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham does not permit solitary inmates to bathe at all Most institutions allow inmates in solitary to bathe twice a week. Chatham does not permit men in solitary to bathe at all. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Four institutions serve three regular meals daily in solitary At Reidsville, Walker, Lowndes, and the women's prison, inmates in solitary receive three regular meals a day. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Four institutions serve one regular meal daily in solitary Montgomery, Chatham, Putnam, and Ware serve one regular meal a day in solitary; the rest usually serve one meal a day, but for sterner punishment use the State rule calling for one meal every 3 days with only bread and water in between. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery inmates between 20 and 25 years of age Inmates at Montgomery Correctional Institution are between 20 to 25 years of age. Although the inmate age range is from 19 to 25 years, the institution does not offer any vocational training. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: demographics,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery offered no vocational training Although the inmate age range is from 19 to 25 years, Montgomery Correctional Institution does not offer any vocational training. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] No institutions have law libraries None of the institutions have law libraries and few even have legal references. In the regular libraries at Walker and Stone Mountain there is a small number of lawbooks. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: legal,conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery inmates not paid for work Inmates in Montgomery Correctional Institution are not paid for their work. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam warden would transfer jailhouse lawyers At Montgomery and Wayne jailhouse lawyers are permitted to prepare and type writs for other inmates, but at a few of the smaller facilities, notably Putnam and Chatham, wardens indicated a distaste for them. The warden at Putnam said he would try to have anyone who acted as a 'jailhouse lawyer' transferred to another institution. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: legal,transfers,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Only Alto has State Board of Education-operated educational program Although all institutions are obligated to work with local school systems in developing educational opportunities, only Alto has a State Board of Education-operated educational program -- a fully accredited high school offering the same courses as a public school. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,policy,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne Correctional Institution has no windows in inmate areas Although Wayne has overcome the climate by means of central air-conditioning, none of the areas occupied by the inmates has any windows. Unless assigned to maintain the front area, prisoners cannot tell day from night, winter from summer. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne described as modern dungeon atmosphere with total isolation Thus Wayne, offering not even visual contact with the outside world, totally isolates its inmates in a modern dungeon atmosphere. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne inmates not paid for work Inmates at Wayne Correctional Institution are not paid for the work they do. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Diagnostic Center has most comprehensive recreational program Dr. James Ricketts, now superintendent at the Diagnostic and Classification Center, designed the recreation program for the penal system. The Diagnostic Center is the exception: although a large institution, it has the most comprehensive recreational program in the system. The poorest programs are in the small, work-camp type institutions -- Putnam, Lowndes, Lee, Ware -- and the women's prison. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,facilities,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne has no vocational training or work release program There is no vocational training or work release program at Wayne Correctional Institution. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Only Chatham inmates have voice in book selection At most of the other institutions the warden participates in the selection of books for the library. Only at Chatham do inmates have a voice in book selection. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Colony Farm has no fences or gun towers The prison has no fences or gun towers. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain houses felons including lifers, drug and sex offenders, murderers However, felons are also kept at Stone Mountain: 'lifers,' drug and sex offenders, and murderers. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Commissioner MacDougall skeptical of inmate councils Commissioner MacDougall, in an interview in late September 1973, was skeptical of the value of inmate councils. The possibility of certain strong inmates gaining too much control over the whole inmate population was a concern. Date: 1973-09-01 Tags: operations,policy,gangs Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Dr. Ricketts planned inmate council with rotating leadership Dr. Ricketts, director of the Diagnostic Center, indicated the same concern about strong inmates gaining control but said he planned to initiate a type of inmate council at the Diagnostic Center which would feature frequent rotation of leadership. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Only Walker has weekly inmate-counselor group meetings At Walker small groups of inmates meet weekly with counselors to discuss their problems. None of the other institutions have any kind of inmate organization. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Only Reidsville, Alto, and Diagnostic Center have newspapers Only Reidsville, Alto, and the Diagnostic Center have newspapers. Dr. Ricketts indicated that while copy was subject to administrative approval, 'just about anything' could be printed. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Finding 1: Inadequate staff and racial disparity in hiring The Advisory Committee finds that although 60 percent of all male inmates and more than 65 percent of all female inmates are black, only 16 percent of correctional officers and counselors are black. Further, the total staff assigned is inadequate to provide proper supervision for meaningful work and rehabilitation activities. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: staffing,demographics,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Finding 2: Dehumanizing accommodations and overcrowding The Georgia Advisory Committee finds that most of the adult prisoners in the State penal system are kept in accommodations that are dehumanizing: most of the institutions house more inmates than the facilities were constructed to hold. Over 25 percent are housed in county work camps. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: conditions,facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Finding 3: Inmates not afforded marketable skills except at largest institutions The Georgia Advisory Committee finds that except at the largest institutions -- Reidsville and Alto -- inmates are not afforded opportunities to learn marketable skills or trades. Most inmates are assigned to agricultural labor and institutional and road maintenance. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam has no solid doors in inmate areas There are no solid doors in any area occupied by the inmates at Putnam Correctional Institution. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam commodes placed close to bunks causing discomfort In institutions with this kind of accommodations, the commodes are placed close to bunks which causes discomfort for bunk occupants as well as for inmates who have to use the commodes. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Finding 5: No consistent rules for specific penalties The Advisory Committee finds that there are no consistent rules regarding specific penalties for specific rule infractions. Disciplinary practices are left to the discretion of each warden. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,operations,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Finding 6: Legal services inadequate The Georgia Advisory Committee finds that the legal services provided are inadequate. The State assumes no responsibility for the provision of legal counsel after the inmates have been sentenced by the courts. Lawbooks are not available at most institutions. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: legal,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam has no vocational training There is no vocational training at Putnam Correctional Institution. The sole activity, outside of television, is the meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous twice a week. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry,mental_health Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Finding 7: Academic training not encouraged The Advisory Committee finds that academic training is not encouraged. Education is treated as a special reward. Punitive prison work takes priority. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,policy,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Finding 8: Recreational programs inadequate at most institutions The Advisory Committee finds that recreational programs are inadequate at most institutions. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Overcrowding driven by high arrest, conviction, and prison sentence rates Housing State prisoners in county jails is symptomatic of a problem in the penal system in Georgia: overcrowding of inadequate, antiquated State facilities, compounded by high rates of arrests, convictions, and prison sentences. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,facilities,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Commissioner Ault: limited guards keep down number of men outside cells Commissioner Ault said in the July interview that a substantial portion of the prison population simply cannot be assigned to more sophisticated tasks because of the lack of properly trained personnel to supervise them. In fact, he said, the limited number of guards keeps down the number of men given anything to do outside their cells. Date: 1973-07-01 Tags: staffing,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] All institutions except Ware offer remedial and adult basic courses All State institutions (except Ware) offer remedial and adult basic courses and high school preparatory studies for the general equivalency diploma examination. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Only two institutions have full-time LPNs: women's prison and Lowndes Two of the institutions, Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women and Lowndes, have full-time licensed practical nurses (LPN). At the women's prison the LPN is full-time because she is an inmate. Date: 1973-10-01 Tags: medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Alto has highest enrollment in educational and vocational programs below college level Alto also has the highest enrollment in educational and vocational programs below the college level. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison LPN is an inmate At the women's prison the LPN is full-time because she is an inmate. Date: 1973-10-01 Tags: medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam relies on on-call physician only Only Putnam relies on an 'on-call' physician. Other State prisons have part-time medical doctors who come to the institutions once or twice a week. Date: 1973-10-01 Tags: medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Isolation cell furnishings: mattress, toilet, and basin At institutions with multiple-occupant cells or dormitories, the usual isolation cell furnishings are a mattress, a toilet, and a basin. At institutions where inmates are housed in individual cells on a daily basis, isolation cells have the same furnishings as the regular cells. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women arrive at women's prison without medical records Women arrive at the women's prison without any medical records. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,data_gap Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Inmates in solitary forfeit visitors, letters, library, and commissary Since visitors and letters are regarded as privileges, inmates in solitary forfeit them as well as visits to the library and the commissary. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Most institutions allow solitary inmates to bathe twice a week Most institutions allow inmates in solitary to bathe twice a week. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] 1973 Annual Report: basic education through 12th grade at each institution According to the 1973 Annual Report, the Department of Corrections has available at each institution basic educational development programs through the 12th grade level. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Department philosophy prioritizes work details over vocational education The basic philosophy of the department appears to give priority to institutional work details as the prime inmate activity rather than encourage vocational education. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,policy,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Prisoners had difficulty communicating with Cuban psychiatrist The medical staff at the women's prison includes a Cuban psychiatrist with whom the prisoners said they had difficulty communicating. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: mental_health,medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Funds and personnel to expand rehabilitation programs are limited The Department of Corrections operates several rehabilitation programs. Funds and personnel to expand the programs are limited. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: budget,staffing,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] No routine gynecological exams for women prisoners There is no routine gynecological examination for medical purposes at the women's prison, although women working outside the institution receive daily vaginal examinations for the purpose of detecting contraband. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,contraband,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Libraries stocked primarily from donations and annual book fairs Libraries at all the institutions are stocked primarily from donations and annual 'book fairs' in metropolitan areas. Several wardens and one teacher attended the fall book fair in Atlanta and bought hundreds of books. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women working outside receive daily vaginal examinations for contraband detection Women working outside the institution receive daily vaginal examinations for the purpose of detecting contraband. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: contraband,medical,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Inmates painting large room for library at women's prison At the time of the visit by members of the Georgia Advisory Committee, inmates at the women's prison were painting a large room to be used as a library. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Pregnant women receive prenatal care, babies delivered at Central State Hospital Pregnant women receive prenatal care. Babies are delivered at Central State Hospital, which is listed as the place of birth on the birth certificate. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wardens at other institutions impatient with state dental care provision Wardens at other institutions indicated impatience with the State's provision of dental care. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: medical,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Few complaints from inmates about food There were few complaints from inmates at any institutions about food. There was some complaint that pork was served too frequently. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: conditions,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Men admitted to Diagnostic Center or Alto receive routine physical examinations and testing Women inmates do not receive routine physical examinations and testing as do the men admitted to the Diagnostic Center or to Alto. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Alto detains misdemeanants; only felons sent to Diagnostic Center Alto detains misdemeanants, and only felons are sent to the Diagnostic Center. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham, Ware, and Lowndes give routine physicals on admission Chatham, Ware, and Lowndes prisons give routine physicals when inmates are admitted. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] All men received at Alto are examined All men received at Alto are examined because some admittees have not been processed at the Diagnostic Center. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Most felons receive initial physical examinations at diagnostic center Although most felons receive initial physical examinations at the diagnostic center, routine physicals are also administered at the other prisons. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Most Georgia prisoner work has low marketability outside prison The Georgia Advisory Committee was told that one cause of recidivism was that most of the work done by Georgia prisoners has little or, at best, very low marketability outside prison: agricultural labor, prison, and highway maintenance. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison provides sanitary napkins but tampons must be purchased The institution provides: toothpaste, toothbrush, soap, sanitary napkins (tampons must be purchased), bed, mattress, pillow, pillowcase, sheets, blankets, underclothing, sleepwear, and uniforms. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] No doors for privacy in Georgia penal institutions Like the other penal institutions in Georgia, there are no doors for privacy for the inmates at Walker Correctional Institution. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker uses closed circuit television and audio tapes for monitoring Closed circuit television monitors all parts of the institution and audio tapes can be used to record activity in the various parts of the institution at Walker Correctional Institution. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker deputy superintendent anticipated double-bunking due to overcrowding As the institution receives a larger number of inmates, the prevailing basis will be bed availability. The deputy superintendent indicated that they would have to start double-bunking the men. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Some Walker men attend Walker Technical School full time Some men attend Walker Technical School full time. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham work release men work for Georgia Pacific Company and service stations Men in work release programs at Chatham work for the Georgia Pacific Company (where they learn to operate heavy, earth-moving equipment) and in service stations. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam trustees operate heavy equipment for county and city Trustees at Putnam are heavy equipment operators for the county and city. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam sole activity outside television is Alcoholics Anonymous twice weekly The sole activity, outside of television, is the meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous twice a week at Putnam Correctional Institution. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: mental_health,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison located on grounds of Central State Hospital In Hardwick, Georgia, on the grounds of Central State Hospital (one of the world's largest mental institutions) is the State's only women's prison--the Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women is state's only women's prison The Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women is the State's only women's prison. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Other women in state custody assigned to Fulton County, Central State, or Governor's mansion Other women in State custody are assigned to Fulton County Correctional Institution or to Central State Hospital's section for the criminally insane, or serve as maids at the Governor's mansion. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker located in area traditionally hostile to blacks Walker is in the extreme northwestern corner of the State, an area traditionally hostile to blacks. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,demographics Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker is one of two Georgia institutions with unique circular architectural design Walker is one of two institutions in Georgia that have a unique architectural design intended to facilitate security. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery is high-rise air-conditioned circular structure Built to house 186 inmates, Montgomery, like Walker, is a high-rise, air-conditioned, circular structure which affords windows to the outside, yet makes it easy to secure. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham is medium security facility near Savannah Chatham Correctional Institution, near Savannah, is a medium security facility. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne located in rural Jesup known for hot climate Wayne Correctional Institution is in rural Jesup, a town known for its hot climate. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne only work available is building maintenance and kitchen details The ordinary building maintenance and kitchen details are the only types of work available in Wayne Correctional Institution. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Colony Farm houses elderly and infirm male inmates Georgia's elderly and infirm male inmates are incarcerated in the Colony Farm Correctional Institution near Hardwick. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain is medium security facility near Atlanta Prisoners at Stone Mountain Correctional Institution, a medium security facility near Atlanta, are engaged for the most part in maintaining Stone Mountain State Park and the grounds of the Governor's mansion. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam built in 1955 outside rural Eatonton Putnam Correctional Institution, built in 1955 just outside rural Eatonton in central Georgia, is typical of the outmoded small institutions. Date: 1955-01-01 Tags: facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam men sleep in narrow double-decked bunk beds Men at Putnam sleep in narrow, double-decked, bunk beds. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam inmates work on county and city roads Inmates at Putnam work on county and city roads and provide prison maintenance. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker provides television in each dormitory and two tables There is a television in each dormitory and two tables at Walker Correctional Institution. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker has facilities for television, indoor team sports, weight lifting, hobby crafts The institution has facilities for watching television, indoor team sports, lifting weights, and hobby crafts. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker counseling services provided by chaplain Counseling services at Walker are provided by the chaplain. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker advisory group recommendations have considerable impact on inmates' futures The recommendations made by this advisory group to the classification committee have considerable impact on the inmates' futures at Walker. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery each dormitory has television set Each dormitory at Montgomery has a television set. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker work release inmates live in mobile units on grounds Inmates on work release at Walker live in a few mobile units that are on the grounds. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker heating facility operates automatically, toilets flushed by inmates The heating facility at Walker operates automatically. Toilets can be flushed by the inmates. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain inmates assigned to State Patrol Headquarters and State Forestry Commission Stone Mountain inmates are assigned to State Patrol Headquarters (where they install radios and maintain grounds and vehicles), and to the State Forestry Commission. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Most Stone Mountain work details involve construction and maintenance Most work details at Stone Mountain involve construction and maintenance. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Details away from institution range from Governor's mansion service to pine beetle pesticide spraying Various activities are covered under the category 'details away from institution,' ranging from service at the Governor's mansion to spraying pesticides for pine beetles. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) POLICYS (62) ---------------------------------------- - [reported] Commissioner Ault closed Georgia state prisons to new admissions, October 1975 On October 7, 1975, the Atlanta Journal reported that State Corrections Commissioner Allen L. Ault had closed Georgia's State prisons to any increase in the total number of prisoners. Inmates will be received only as others are released. Date: 1975-10-07 Tags: policy,facilities,conditions Sources: Atlanta Journal report on Ault prison freeze - [reported] Two new state prisons planned for 1975 Two new State prisons were to be opened in 1975, a 300-bed facility for men and a new women's prison. Date: 1975-01-01 Tags: facilities,policy Sources: Atlanta Journal report on Ault prison freeze - [reported] State menu rotated once every 14 weeks All wardens indicated they followed the 'State menu' which calls for a nutritionally balanced, varied diet for prisoners. Menus are to be rotated once every 14 weeks. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: conditions,policy,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] State menu calls for meat twice each day except Sunday The menu calls for meat twice each day except Sunday. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] New handbook distributed to all inmates in spring 1975 Copies of a new handbook were distributed to all inmates in the spring of 1975. New grievance procedures, which were developed as part of the court order in the Guthrie v. MacDougall suit, are included in the handbook. Date: 1975-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Diagnostic Center checks solitary inmates hourly during day At institutions with full-time doctors, inmates in solitary confinement at the Diagnostic Center are checked every hour during the day and every half hour at night. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,medical,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] All women inmates required to first work in kitchen or laundry at Central State Hospital All inmates at the women's prison, according to then Warden E. Laverne Ford, must first work in the kitchen or laundry at Central State Hospital. The prison has a contractual agreement stipulating that the hospital is to provide food for the prison in exchange for the inmates' labor. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Prisoners' Legal Counseling Project based at Diagnostic Center All State institutions rely on the legal services of the University of Georgia at Athens Prisoners' Legal Counseling Project, which is based at the Diagnostic Center. Established with funds made available by the University of Minnesota from a Law Enforcement Assistance Administration grant, the project is not connected with the prison system. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: legal,operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Tuition for educational release paid by families and VA A limited number of prisoners participate in educational release programs, i.e., inmates leave their respective prisons and go to the college where the courses are offered. Tuition is paid by inmates' families and the Veterans' Administration. In a few instances, it is funded through the State's Vocational Rehabilitation. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: reentry,policy,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain inmates not sent out if temperature below 28 degrees or raining Men are assigned to Stone Mountain Park to maintain the grounds and construct camp sites. They do not go out if it rains or if the temperature drops below 28 degrees. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Recommendation: Recruit black staff proportionate to inmate population The Georgia Advisory Committee recommends that the Department of Corrections affirmatively recruit and employ blacks proportionate to the percent of black inmates. The Advisory Committee further recommends that adequate staff be hired to provide proper supervision for meaningful work and rehabilitative activities. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: staffing,policy,demographics Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Recommendation: Replace dormitory accommodations and remove prisoners from county work camps The Georgia Advisory Committee recommends that the State Department of Offender Rehabilitation replace the dormitory-type accommodations by more appropriate housing facilities. The Advisory Committee recommends that State prisoners be removed from county work camps and housed in accommodations where the State can assume its proper supervisory responsibilities. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: facilities,policy,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Recommendation: Expand work release centers in major cities The Advisory Committee recommends that the Department of Corrections provide more work release centers in or near major cities for male and female inmates. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: reentry,policy,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Recommendation: Central location for specialized medical services The Georgia Advisory Committee recommends that the Department of Corrections provide a central location for specialized medical services. It is further recommended that more medical doctors be employed on a full time basis. Particular attention needs to be given to the women's institution, where there is no full-time gynecologist or other medical doctor. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: medical,policy,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Recommendation: Train inmates as paramedics The Advisory Committee recommends that some inmates at all institutions be given training as paramedics so that they can serve their fellow prisoners while acquiring practical skills for employment after release. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: medical,policy,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Recommendation: Publish standard rules handbook and monitoring system The Advisory Committee recommends that the Department of Corrections formulate and publish a handbook of standard rules regarding infractions and penalties to be furnished to inmates upon their entry to prison. The Department of Corrections should design a monitoring system to assure that wardens at each institution adhere to these Statewide rules for prisoner discipline. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Recommendation: General Assembly fund legal services for indigent inmates The Georgia Advisory Committee recommends that the General Assembly make available funds to provide legal services to indigent inmates. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: legal,policy,budget Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Recommendation: Education as a right, not a privilege The Georgia Advisory Committee recommends that the Department of Corrections and State-supported educational institutions make available to inmates opportunities for academic training at least through the completion of high school. It is further recommended that education be regarded as a right, not a privilege. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,operations,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Recommendation: Full-time recreation director for each institution The Advisory Committee recommends that the Department of Corrections actively recruit and employ a full-time recreation director for each institution, and that subsequently the recreation staffs be increased to accommodate the respective inmate populations. The Advisory Committee further recommends that a detailed recreation program be designed to meet the needs of the inmates. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: staffing,policy,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] State Department of Labor operates Buford Training Center program The State Department of Labor, using funds provided by the Federal Manpower Training Act, operates the training program at the Buford Training Center. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,policy,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] State Department of Vocational Rehabilitation operates Alto vocational program The State Department of Vocational Rehabilitation operates the vocational training program at Alto. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,policy,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Inmate appeal process: warden then Commissioner of Corrections All State institutions afford the inmate an appeal of the disciplinary committee's decision -- first to the warden, then to the Commissioner of Corrections. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia uses culture fair intelligence test, wide range achievement test, and 16 personality factors test The Georgia system uses the culture fair intelligence test, the wide range achievement test to measure ability, and the sixteen personality factors test to identify behavior patterns and psychopathology. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: mental_health,policy,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker inmates can 'buy' a job after 90 days with earned points Men are assigned to work details according to the needs of the institution. After 90 days, however, an inmate can 'buy' a job, provided he has earned enough points. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker men earn points for each hour worked Men earn points for each hour they work at Walker Correctional Institution. In work release, however, they earn both points and money. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Men eligible for G.I. Bill or Manpower Training Development Act receive money and points Men eligible for the G.I. Bill or the Manpower Training Development Act program also receive both money and points. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham men must work 6 months on assigned detail before requesting change A man must work for 6 months on a detail assigned to him when he comes in. After that time, he can request a job change. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam dormitory assignments based on inmate's sentence Dormitory assignments at Putnam are made by the warden and deputy warden on the basis of the inmate's sentence. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam details determined by sentence and conduct Details, assigned by the warden, sergeant, lieutenant, and the deputy warden, are determined by the inmate's sentence and his conduct. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham inmates secured in dormitories 11:00 p.m. to 5:30 a.m. Inmates are secured in their dormitories from 11:00 p.m. until 5:30 a.m. at Chatham Correctional Institution. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne work assignments based on merit Work assignment requests at Wayne are honored based on merit. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain work assignments integrated with vocational training Work assignments at Stone Mountain are made by the treatment team and are integrated with vocational training. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy,reentry Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia State Prison work assignments made by classification committee Work assignments at Georgia State Prison are made by the classification committee. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia Industrial Institute work assignments made by classification committee Work assignments at Georgia Industrial Institute are made by the classification committee. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Diagnostic Center work assignments made by classification committee Work assignments at the Diagnostic Center are made by the classification committee. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery work assignments made by classification committee Work assignments at Montgomery are made by the classification committee. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker work assignments made by classification committee Work assignments at Walker are made by the classification committee. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham work assignments made by classification committee Work assignments at Chatham are made by the classification committee. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne work assignments made by lieutenant of shift supervisor Work assignments at Wayne are made by the lieutenant of the shift supervisor. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Stone Mountain work assignments made by treatment team Work assignments at Stone Mountain are made by the treatment team. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Lee work assignments made by counsel Work assignments at Lee are made by counsel. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Putnam work assignments made by warden and deputy warden Work assignments at Putnam are made by the warden and deputy warden. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Ware work assignments made by warden Work assignments at Ware are made by the warden. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Lowndes work assignments made by deputy warden Work assignments at Lowndes are made by the deputy warden. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison work assignments made by classification committee The classification committee, composed of the assistant superintendent, the two counselors, the educational director, the vocational rehabilitation counselor and one representative of the security staff, makes the work assignments at the women's prison. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women can request work assignments but granting depends on classification and qualification Women can make requests for work assignments but the granting of the request depends on the classification and qualification of the inmate. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery classification committee includes deputy warden, security officer, school superintendent, two counselors Assignments at Montgomery are made by the classification committee which includes the deputy warden, a security officer, the school superintendent, and the two counselors. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery work assignments divided into 9 categories Work assignments at Montgomery are divided into: kitchen, laundry, housekeeping, industry, school, clerical, common labor, barber, and patrol assignments. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker classification committee includes chief counselor, educational supervisor, security officer Work at Walker is assigned by the classification committee, comprised of the chief counselor, the educational supervisor, and a security officer. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham housing assignments made by lieutenant and sergeant The lieutenant and the sergeant make the housing assignments at Chatham Correctional Institution. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham work details made by lieutenant and sergeant Work details at Chatham are made by a lieutenant and a sergeant. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne housing assignments made by correctional officer supervisor based on availability The correctional officer supervisor makes the housing assignments at Wayne on the basis of availability. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker housing assignments made by deputy superintendent according to work details Housing assignments at Walker are made by the deputy superintendent in accordance with work details. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison housing assignments made by supervising correctional officer Housing assignments at the women's prison are made by the supervising correctional officer. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker has open house time until 10:00 p.m. nightly After dinner, there is an 'open house' time until 10:00 o'clock each night at Walker, and men can watch television, read, or fraternize. The men are then secured in their dormitories until 8:00 a.m. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Montgomery inmates allowed own radios preferably with earphones Inmates at Montgomery are allowed to have their own radios, preferably with earphones. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham inmates may wear own shoes, pajamas, underclothing, socks Inmates at Chatham may wear their own shoes, pajamas, underclothing, socks, and have their own radios and photographs including pinups. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham inmates may watch television past 11:00 p.m. with warden permission Inmates may watch television later than 11:00 p.m. if there is a special program and if the warden gives permission at Chatham. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Wayne inmates allowed family photographs, grooming articles, radios with earphones The inmates at Wayne are allowed to have photographs of their families, personal grooming articles, as well as radios with earphones. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women inmates may use personal sleepwear, underclothing, jewelry, shoes, cosmetics The inmates at the women's prison may use their personal sleepwear, underclothing, jewelry (at their own risk), shoes, and cosmetics (not in glass or aerosol containers). Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women inmates allowed games, family photographs, two wigs maximum, short winter coat, cardigan sweaters, hair rollers Women inmates at the Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women may have games, photographs (of family members only), two wigs (maximum), a short winter coat, cardigan sweaters, and hair rollers. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Walker provides bunk, locker, headboard, mattress, sheets, pillow, pillowcase, two blankets The institution provides at Walker: a bunk, a locker, a headboard, a mattress, sheets, one pillow, pillowcase, and two blankets. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) QUOTES (19) ---------------------------------------- - [reported] Georgia Sheriff's Association criticized Ault's freeze The Georgia Sheriff's Association was grumbling about the 'unfairness' of Ault's decision. 'Dr. Ault says he ain't got enough bed space. Well, hell's bells, we ain't got it either,' a spokesman for the association said. Date: 1975-10-12 Tags: facilities,conditions,policy Sources: Atlanta Journal and Constitution article on Ault freeze ramifications - [reported] Typical Georgia prisoner profile described by Commissioner MacDougall Commissioner MacDougall described the typical prisoner in Georgia: '26 years old, black, doing 4 years, 11 months for property crime, with a grade level of 5.8.' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Pat Norton on mentally retarded persons in prison Pat Norton said, 'Once the mentally retarded person is placed in the criminal justice process you can almost guarantee he will go to prison and come back to prison. Prison is the last place a person who's retarded needs to go. He's the guy who's going to be abused. He's not going to profit from rehabilitative programs.' Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: mental_health,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Dr. Lloyd Baccus doubts adequacy of solitary medical examinations Dr. Lloyd Baccus said, 'Although it is on paper, it does not mean it has done anything for the individual. Maybe the visitation is made but the examination cannot be performed adequately in that environment.' Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,medical,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Dr. Baccus on physician-warden relationship and objectivity Dr. Lloyd Baccus said: 'I'm suggesting that you wouldn't necessarily get that protection from a physician who was hired by the warden either. There's a close relationship often between the physician and the warden and the degree of objectivity is not always there.' Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,medical,corruption Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham warden's racist comment about black staff hiring At one point in the interview, the warden pointed out that one of the reasons he could not get blacks on his staff was because black men prefer to live on food stamps and welfare. He said, 'Food stamps and welfare have ruined Savannah.' Date: 1973-10-05 Tags: staffing,demographics Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison recreation director got movie budget from store account Vendya Burkes, recreation director at the women's prison for the past 3 years, told the Georgia Advisory Committee that she recently got a movie budget 'out of the store account.' The institution had been getting 'free movies from the Central State Hospital -- Hopalong Cassidy, Donald Duck, what have you -- they were just free.' Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: operations,conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Women's prison recreation halted due to inadequate staff Vendya Burkes said that although there was space for softball (a team from the prison played in the Milledgeville city league) and volleyball, 'right now we aren't going out at all simply because we do not have adequate staff... I used to take 25 inmates at a time, sometimes 50, sometimes 75... I never thought of the hassle, if something would happen I would have no help. So I was told that I would have to have correctional officers with me. Don't have staff.' Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: staffing,operations,conditions,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Former Reidsville inmate describes library censorship A white man who had been released from Reidsville in 1971 told the Georgia Advisory Committee that when he first arrived there the library was made up 'entirely of old school books, quite a few of them in foreign languages. A number of the guards couldn't even read or write.' When new books arrived, they were censored: 'They got in a lot of books through a grant and they stayed in the warehouse for two years. Brand new books, while the chaplains could go through and weed out what they didn't want. This was their territory. And anything that had to do with race or black culture was cut out. Anything having to do with, vaguely, with religion that didn't follow their thinking -- they were Southern Baptists, white.' Date: 1971-01-01 Tags: conditions,operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Former Reidsville inmate describes book selection committee results A former Reidsville inmate, a black man released in 1970 who is now teaching in the Atlanta public school system, said that in 1968 he had been on a committee to select books: 'We went throughout the institution, black and white, and found the preferred material from the inmates, what they would like. Playboy magazine, all the way up to the Muhammad paper, Muslims... This was given to the chaplain. About a year after that, the new library opened for black and white. We saw none of the books that had been requested, none.' Date: 1968-01-01 Tags: conditions,operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Ben Perry on county systems operating like feudal lords Ben Perry, public affairs director, WXIA-TV in Atlanta, urged the Georgia Advisory Committee to examine conditions in the county institutions at the public meeting. 'County systems are still operating... like feudal lords. These are the domains of the so-called "red necks" and they are lord and master. Nobody can question or challenge what they do.' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: conditions,facilities,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Commissioner MacDougall on criminal justice system fragmentation Former Commissioner Ellis MacDougall said: 'We are faced now with more people in prison with longer terms. We have to look at the criminal justice system as one system, not three different systems: police, courts, and corrections. Unless we give a lot more attention to alternatives for sentencing, we can't win the battle of corrections.' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,parole Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] MacDougall on LEAA funding increasing arrests and prison population Former Commissioner Ellis MacDougall said: 'I think there's a phenomenon happening in this Nation from LEAA (Law Enforcement Assistance Administration). It's a fact that we have put a lot of money in police. There are 300 more police officers in the streets of Atlanta than there were a few years ago... Consequently, judges, especially when they are elected, say: "We have to do something about this. We have to put everybody in prison."' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: policy,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Dr. Bernard Bridges on proposed medical standards as worthy ambitions Dr. Bernard Bridges, an internist, said that the proposed minimum standards regarding medical care were 'worthy ambitions for the whole society.' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Dr. Herbert Eber on frustration with medical standards Dr. Herbert Eber, who designed the diagnostic system now used in Georgia, commented, 'We don't do that well for health in a whole town. We don't do that well in our best hospitals... That's the overwhelming frustration I feel about this thing. That somehow we have to find standards that somehow can be at least approached as a beginning without in any way saying that these are not desirable standards.' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Dr. Lloyd Baccus urged use of paraprofessionals in prison medical care Dr. Lloyd Baccus, who was the State prison medical director from June 1972 to August 1973, urged the use of paraprofessionals. 'You're not going to have the physicians, you're going to have to do something else. You don't need the physicians in all these places...' He suggested centralization of specialty care in a facility near a major city, 'so that doctors can get back and forth, and that they are there so you don't have a hiatus of care. One year you have a physician and one year you don't.' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,staffing,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] MacDougall on difficulty recruiting doctors to prisons Commissioner MacDougall indicated at the informal hearing that he had tried to place additional medical personnel, particularly medical doctors, in several institutions, but that it was difficult to entice doctors to work in prisons. 'Prisons are not a very nice place to work.' He said pay was also a factor. He added, 'I think in nearly every institution we have at least a technician on duty now.' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,staffing Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Dr. Eber on cultural bias in testing Asked whether the tests were culturally biased, Dr. Eber responded, 'There are no culturally free tests of any kind, nor will there ever be until such day as the issues no longer make a difference. At which point we can stop testing altogether.' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: mental_health,methodology_note Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Dr. Eber suggested 'relatively most culture fair test' terminology Dr. Eber suggested the culture fair intelligence test might more accurately be called 'the relatively most culture fair test that anyone has yet to build on a large scale.' Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: mental_health,methodology_note Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) CASE DETAILS (6) ---------------------------------------- - [reported] Inmate waited 2 years for front teeth replacement Although State rules stipulate providing inmates with dentures, one inmate in the women's prison waited 2 years to have her front teeth replaced. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,conditions Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Reidsville legal materials removed between March and October 1973 There was a rather comprehensive collection of legal materials at Reidsville when members of the Georgia Advisory Committee visited the institution in March 1973. However, when they returned in October, the books had been removed because -- according to an assistant to the warden -- inmates tore pages from the books or kept them in their living quarters. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: legal,conditions,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham warden displayed confiscated contraband including handmade guns and drugs When the Georgia Advisory Committee members first visited Chatham Correctional Institution in March 1973, Warden Calvin Green had a glass-front cabinet hung on his office wall which contained items confiscated from inmates--handmade guns, rubber tubing, syringes, marijuana cigarettes, to name a few. Date: 1973-03-01 Tags: contraband,drugs,violence Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Chatham warden beat inmate with billy stick over contraband cabinet When asked why the cabinet had been moved, the warden said that one of the inmates had come into his office and tried to remove an instrument from the cabinet and that he had had to beat the inmate with a 'billy stick' to defend himself. Date: 1973-10-01 Tags: violence,contraband Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Federal grant for system-wide librarian fell through There is no librarian to supervise a system-wide program. A Federal grant would have provided one at State merit grade level 19, but the State Merit System refused to allow the Department of Offender Rehabilitation to hire anyone for that job at that grade level, so the grant fell through. Merit System officials' reason for rejecting the proposal was that there were not enough libraries in the system for a grade level 19 librarian to supervise. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: staffing,operations,facilities,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Alto newspaper printed Joan Baez song with prison abolition lyrics Alto's newspaper The Beacon appears to have the same policy: the August 1973 issue carried a Joan Baez song which ended with the lines: 'We're gonna raze, Raze the prisons to the ground. Help us raze, Raze the prisons to the ground.' Date: 1973-08-01 Tags: operations,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) LEGAL FACTS (20) ---------------------------------------- - [reported] Disciplinary committee composition specified by state rules State rules stipulate that punishment be handled by a disciplinary committee consisting of the chief correctional officer, another staff member, and a civilian staff member, 'preferably from the treatment staff.' Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,operations,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Inmates in solitary to receive one regular meal per day Board of Corrections rules specify that inmates in solitary confinement are to receive one regular meal per day unless he or she continues to maintain 'a negative or deviant attitude.' Such behavior may result in the inmate's being placed on a restricted diet consisting of bread three times a day and one regular meal every 3 days. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions,policy,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Restricted diet in solitary: bread three times daily, one meal every 3 days Inmates in solitary confinement who maintain 'a negative or deviant attitude' may be placed on a restricted diet consisting of bread three times a day and one regular meal every 3 days. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,conditions,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Doctor examination required every 3 days for regular isolation According to the rules, an inmate on a regular isolation regimen must be examined by a doctor every 3 days. If the inmate is on a restricted diet as punishment, he or she is supposed to be examined by a doctor daily. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,medical,policy,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Maximum solitary confinement length is 14 days State regulations say that the maximum length of time an individual can be detained in solitary confinement is 14 days. When questioned about that State regulation, wardens at all institutions indicated that they adhered to the statute. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: solitary,policy,legal Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Inmates below grade 8 must attend 6 hours academic training weekly Board of Corrections rules state that inmates who 'function below grade 8.0 educationally, on a formalized test, must be permitted, encouraged and motivated to attend academic training 6 hours a week to achieve a minimum of an 8th grade educational level.' Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Board of Corrections regulations require able-bodied inmates to work According to Board of Corrections regulations: 'All able-bodied inmates of sound mind, not enrolled in a full-time academic vocational, or other similar program, shall be required to perform constructive and productive work essential to the operation of an institution and the maintenance of public roads, public works or, in such other manner as the State Board of Corrections may deem advisable.' Date: 1972-08-01 Tags: legal,policy,operations Sources: Rules of the State Board of Corrections (August 1972 revised) - [reported] Board of Corrections regulations on on-the-job training opportunities The rules further state that opportunities to learn trades or skills through on-the-job training 'shall be afforded those inmates who need and request such, and who by their attitude, conduct, and work record are deserving.' Date: 1972-08-01 Tags: legal,policy,reentry Sources: Rules of the State Board of Corrections (August 1972 revised) - [reported] Board of Corrections regulations require licensed physician at each institution Board of Corrections regulations require each institution to employ a licensed physician on a full- or part-time basis. Institutions are also required to maintain space, equipment, and supplies for a doctor's examination of inmates and for first-aid. Date: 1972-08-01 Tags: medical,legal,policy Sources: Rules of the State Board of Corrections (August 1972 revised) - [reported] Inmates entitled to free dental and optical treatment including dentures and glasses According to the regulations, all inmates have the right to receive dental and optical treatment 'including dentures and glasses, if required' without having to pay any portion of the expense. Date: 1972-08-01 Tags: medical,legal,policy Sources: Rules of the State Board of Corrections (August 1972 revised) - [reported] State rules require inmates be informed of rules and regulations State rules specify that inmates must be 'thoroughly informed and instructed in the rules and regulations governing their stay, conduct, privileges, and responsibilities at the institution.' Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: legal,policy,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Georgia law authorizes transfer of mentally ill inmates to Central State Hospital Georgia law authorizes the Board of Corrections to 'transfer mentally ill inmates from any institution operating under its authority to Central State Hospital for treatment.' Date: 1972-08-01 Tags: mental_health,legal,transfers Sources: Rules of the State Board of Corrections (August 1972 revised) - [reported] Inmates may prepare legal materials with attorney or inmate aid Board of Corrections regulations stipulate that inmates are to be allowed to prepare legal materials (writs). Inmates may do so themselves, with assistance from attorneys, or with the aid of another inmate. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: legal,policy Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Board of Examining Physicians composition for mental health referrals Inmates suspected of having severe mental problems are to be referred to a Board of Examining Physicians. This board is composed of a physician on the staff of Central State and a psychiatrist selected by the Commissioner of Corrections. Date: 1972-08-01 Tags: mental_health,legal,policy Sources: Rules of the State Board of Corrections (August 1972 revised) - [reported] Board rules require recreation program under civilian specialist supervision Board of Corrections rules require all institutions to maintain a recreation program 'under discrete observation and supervision of a civilian recreational specialist or correctional officer.' They further state that 'appropriate outdoor and indoor equipment to make the recreation program interesting, challenging, and rewarding' shall be provided. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Ill or injured inmates to be transferred to Reidsville, Talmadge Memorial, or local hospital The regulations also require that any inmate who becomes ill or is injured be transferred from his assigned institution to the central medical facility at Reidsville, or to Eugene Talmadge Memorial Hospital in Valdosta or to a local hospital. Date: 1972-08-01 Tags: medical,legal,transfers Sources: Rules of the State Board of Corrections (August 1972 revised) - [reported] Movies permitted only if carefully selected and of wholesome quality Board regulations permit movies to be shown at institutions 'if carefully selected and of wholesome quality,' a severe limitation in light of the fact that few 'G' (general-audience) films are produced. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Board rules require reasonable amount of current reading matter Board regulations charge wardens with the responsibility of providing 'a reasonable amount of current reading matter,' and suggested that each institution's library might be supplemented by books from the State Department of Education's bookmobile and local libraries. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,facilities Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Board rules require wardens seek guidance from local school systems Board of Corrections rules charge all wardens with the responsibility of seeking guidance from local school systems in developing educational programs in their institutions. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Vocational training under direct supervision of Board of Corrections The rules stipulate that vocational training shall be under the direct supervision of the Board of Corrections. Date: 1976-01-01 Tags: policy,legal,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) DATA GAPS (1) ---------------------------------------- - [reported] No data on birth control classes or information There are no classes or information on birth control at the women's prison. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: medical,facilities,data_gap Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) METHODOLOGY NOTES (4) ---------------------------------------- - [reported] 11 institutions described as representative of 16 facility types The 11 institutions described are representative of the 16 various types of minimum, medium, and maximum security facilities for adult prisoners in the Georgia penal system. (Lowndes, Lee, Ware, Georgia Training and Development Center, and Atlanta Advancement Center are not described in this report). Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: facilities,methodology_note Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Warden Calvin Green interview at Chatham, October 5, 1973 Warden Calvin Green, interview at Chatham Correctional Institution, Savannah, Ga., Oct. 5, 1973. Date: 1973-10-05 Tags: methodology_note Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) - [reported] Colony Farm staffing data from Department of Offender Rehabilitation Trend publication State of Georgia, Department of Offender Rehabilitation, Trend, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 27, cited for Colony Farm staffing information. Date: 1973-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,staffing Sources: Department of Offender Rehabilitation Trend, Vol. 2, No. 1 - [reported] Georgia State Prison work assignment data from January 1974 chart The chart shows how many inmates, as of January 1974, were assigned to various kinds of work, including those involved in full- or part-time vocational training programs and work release. Date: 1974-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations Sources: Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976) DATASETS (1) ---------------------------------------- # Work Assignments for Georgia Prisoners, 1973 (as of January 1974) Chart showing the number of inmates assigned to various work categories (agricultural details, correctional industries, institutional maintenance, park details, road details, details away from institution, work release) by prison, as of January 1974. Prison Agricultural Details Correctional Industries Institutional Maintenance Park Details Road Details Details Away From Institution Work Release Assignment Made By ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Georgia State Prison 316 320 1626 0 0 0 0 Classification Committee Georgia Industrial Institute 31 17 363 0 0 26 23 Classification Committee Diagnostic Center 0 0 82 0 0 1 0 Classification Committee Women's Prison 0 0 0 0 0 172 0 Classification Committee Montgomery 0 11 150 0 41 5 0 Classification Committee Walker 6 0 85 0 0 27 15 Classification Committee Chatham 0 4 74 0 81 15 0 Classification Committee Training Center 0 0 84 6 0 16 0 Classification Committee Wayne 33 0 33 0 33 2 0 Lieutenant of Shift Supervisor Colony Farm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stone Mountain 0 8 46 60 3 15 10 Treatment Team Lee 8 0 27 0 17 28 40 Counsel Putnam 0 0 39 0 63 16 9 Warden and Deputy Warden Ware 2 8 16 0 65 16 10 Warden Lowndes 0 8 42 0 0 0 0 Deputy Warden Total 396 376 2668 66 308 339 110 KEY ENTITIES (61) ---------------------------------------- - Allen L. Ault [person]: Commissioner of the Georgia Department of Corrections/Offender Rehabilitation in 1975. (aka: Ault) - Alto Correctional Institution [facility]: Institution detaining misdemeanants; all men received there are examined. (aka: Alto) - Alto Georgia Industrial Institute [facility]: State institution with the highest enrollment in educational and vocational programs below college level; operated a fully accredited high school. (aka: Alto) - Atlanta Advancement Center [facility]: A prototype work release center established approximately one year after the Georgia Work Release Law was approved (1970). Its basic goal was reintegration of the offender into gainful employment. - Atlanta Association for Retarded Children [organization]: Organization directing a project on mentally retarded persons in prison, led by Pat Norton. - Ben Perry [person]: Public affairs director at WXIA-TV in Atlanta who urged examination of county institution conditions. - Bernard Bridges [person]: Internist who testified about proposed minimum medical care standards. (aka: Dr. Bernard Bridges) - Buford Training Center [facility]: State training center for youthful offenders operated with State Department of Labor funding. (aka: Buford Georgia Training and Development Center, Training Center) - Calvin Green [person]: Warden of Chatham Correctional Institution who displayed confiscated contraband and made controversial statements about black staff hiring. (aka: Warden Calvin Green) - Central State Hospital [facility]: One of the world's largest mental institutions, located in Hardwick, Georgia; provided labor exchange and medical services to the women's prison. (aka: State mental hospital, State mental facility) - Chatham Correctional Institution [facility]: A relatively small facility with population ranging from 180 to 230, located in a different District. - Colony Farm Correctional Institution [facility]: Prison established 1972 near Hardwick for elderly and infirm male inmates, with no fences or gun towers. (aka: Colony Farm) - Commissioner MacDougall [person]: Commissioner of Corrections in 1973, skeptical of inmate councils. - Donald Parks [person]: Assistant supervisor of the vocational training program at Alto. - Dr. James Ricketts [person]: Superintendent at the Diagnostic and Classification Center; designed the recreation program for the penal system. (aka: Dr. Ricketts) - Dr. Lloyd Baccus [person]: Doctor who testified at the open meeting about solitary confinement medical examinations. - E. Laverne Ford [person]: Warden of the Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women at the time of the investigation. (aka: Warden E. Laverne Ford) - Ellis MacDougall [person]: Former Georgia Corrections Commissioner who testified at the Advisory Committee's informal hearing about prisoner demographics and criminal justice system issues. (aka: Commissioner MacDougall, Former Commissioner Ellis MacDougall) - Eugene Talmadge Memorial Hospital [facility]: Hospital in Valdosta to which ill or injured inmates could be transferred per Board of Corrections regulations. - Fulton County Correctional Institution [facility]: County work camp selected for the ETS evaluation sample. - Georgia Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights [organization]: Committee that conducted the investigation and hearings documented in this 1976 report. (aka: Georgia Advisory Committee, Advisory Committee) - Georgia Department of Corrections [organization]: State agency responsible for operating Georgia's prison system. Subject of federal DOJ investigation in 2022-2023 for constitutional violations including food-related deaths. (aka: GDC) - Georgia Department of Education [organization]: State agency whose bookmobile could supplement institution libraries. (aka: State Department of Education) - Georgia Department of Labor [organization]: The state agency responsible for workforce development. Partner in the TOPPSTEP program. (aka: Department of Labor, Labor Department) - Georgia Department of Offender Rehabilitation [organization]: The state agency responsible for Georgia's correctional system, including state and county institutions. Produced the Earned Time System evaluation. (aka: DOR, DCOR, Department of Corrections/Offender Rehabilitation, Georgia Department of Corrections) - Georgia Department of Vocational Rehabilitation [organization]: State agency operating the vocational training program at Alto and funding some educational release tuition. (aka: State Department of Vocational Rehabilitation, State's Vocational Rehabilitation) - Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center [facility]: Facility where Youthful Offender Act needs were assessed through physical examination and diagnostic testing. - Georgia Diagnostic Center [facility]: Facility where felons receive initial physical examinations and diagnostic testing. (aka: Diagnostic Center) - Georgia General Assembly [organization]: Georgia state legislature. Has not advanced legislation to address prison labor compensation or remove the state's slavery exception. A two-thirds vote in both chambers would be required to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. - Georgia Industrial Institute [facility]: Georgia correctional institution where Parole Supervisor Denny Chapman facilitated a shock probation tour for the report author. - Georgia Pacific Corporation [organization]: Company employing work release inmates from Chatham and Putnam correctional institutions. (aka: Georgia Pacific Company) - Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women [facility]: Georgia's only women's prison, located in Hardwick on the grounds of Central State Hospital. (aka: Women's Prison, women's prison) - Georgia Sheriff's Association [organization]: Organization representing Georgia sheriffs that criticized Commissioner Ault's prison freeze decision. - Georgia State Board of Corrections [organization]: State board that sets standards and regulations for Georgia prisons, including work requirements and medical care rules. (aka: State Board of Corrections, Board of Corrections) - Georgia State Merit System [organization]: State agency that refused to allow hiring a grade level 19 librarian for the prison system. (aka: State Merit System) - Georgia State Prison [facility]: Georgia state prison where Chad Ashley Allen, serving a life sentence for murder, operated drug trafficking enterprise with Ghost Face Gangsters. - Georgia State Prison (Reidsville) [facility]: Large state prison in Reidsville, Georgia, with agricultural operations including swine and beef herds. (aka: Reidsville) - Georgia Training and Development Center [facility]: Correctional facility in Buford, Georgia where the M.O.R.E. Project was initiated in 1972. - Guthrie v. MacDougall [case]: Court case whose order resulted in new grievance procedures included in the 1975 inmate handbook. - Herbert Eber [person]: Designer of the diagnostic system used in Georgia prisons; testified about testing and medical standards. (aka: Dr. Herbert Eber, Dr. Eber) - LaVerne Ford [person]: Interviewee at the Georgia Rehabilitation Center for Women, September 25, 1973. - Law Enforcement Assistance Administration [organization]: Federal agency that provided funding for the ETS evaluation under Grant No. 76ED040025. (aka: LEAA) - Lee Correctional Institution [facility]: South Carolina state prison where a 2018 riot killed 7 and injured 17, the deadliest prison incident in a quarter century. - Lloyd Baccus [person]: State prison medical director from June 1972 to August 1973; urged use of paraprofessionals in prison medical care. (aka: Dr. Lloyd Baccus) - Lowndes Correctional Institution [facility]: Georgia state prison with full-time LPN; gives routine physicals on admission. (aka: Lowndes) - Montgomery Correctional Institution [facility]: A medium-sized institution with population of about 345. - Operation Ghost Guard [operation]: FBI two-year investigation (2016) into GDC corruption resulting in ~130 indictments including 46 current and former correctional officers across 11 facilities. - Pat Norton [person]: Director of the Atlanta Association for Retarded Children's Project on mentally retarded persons in prison; on leave from Georgia Department of Offender Rehabilitation. (aka: Mr. Norton) - Prisoners' Legal Counseling Project [program]: University of Georgia at Athens legal services project based at the Diagnostic Center, funded by a LEAA grant through the University of Minnesota. (aka: prisoners' legal counseling project, legal counseling project) - Putnam Correctional Institution [facility]: Small outmoded institution built 1955 outside Eatonton, Georgia, with 120-man dormitory capacity. (aka: Putnam) - State Board of Education [organization]: State board that oversees police powers for private colleges and universities in Georgia. - Stone Mountain Correctional Institution [facility]: Correctional institution audited in 1973 (box-only). (aka: Stone Mountain CI) - The Beacon [program]: Newspaper at Alto Georgia Industrial Institute. - U.S. Commission on Civil Rights [organization]: Federal commission under which the Georgia Advisory Committee operated. - U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare [organization]: Federal department that conducted the 1968 nationwide testing of 90,000 inmates on mental retardation. (aka: HEW) - University of Georgia [organization]: Public research university; Graves & Fendrich (2024) conducted research finding that adverse prison opioid experiences create aversion to MOUD at reentry. (aka: UGA) - Vendya Burkes [person]: Recreation director at the women's prison for 3 years as of the report. (aka: Ms. Burkes) - Walker Correctional Institution [facility]: Georgia correctional institution that phased out the Youthful Offender Program in FY76. (aka: Walker C.I., Walker) - Walker Technical School [facility]: Technical school attended full-time by some Walker Correctional Institution inmates. - Ware Correctional Institution [facility]: Georgia state prison with road details and work release assignments; gives routine physicals on admission. (aka: Ware) - Wayne Correctional Institution [facility]: Correctional institution in rural Jesup, Georgia, with no windows in inmate areas. (aka: Wayne) SOURCES (10) ---------------------------------------- - 1973 Annual Report of the Georgia Department of Corrections, Georgia Department of Corrections by Georgia Department of Corrections (1973-01-01) [official_report, primary] - Atlanta Journal and Constitution article on Ault freeze ramifications, Atlanta Journal and Constitution (1975-10-12) [journalism, secondary] - Atlanta Journal report on Ault prison freeze, Atlanta Journal (1975-10-07) [journalism, secondary] - Department of Offender Rehabilitation Trend, Vol. 2, No. 1, State of Georgia, Department of Offender Rehabilitation by State of Georgia, Department of Offender Rehabilitation (1973-01-01) [official_report, primary] - Georgia Department of Corrections 1974 Annual Report, Georgia Department of Corrections by Georgia Department of Corrections (1974-01-01) [official_report, primary] - Georgia Prisons (NCJ 69997, 1976), Georgia Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights by Georgia Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (1976-01-01) [official_report, primary] URL: https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/69997NCJRS.pdf - Rules of the State Board of Corrections, Georgia State Board of Corrections by Georgia State Board of Corrections [legal_document, primary] - Rules of the State Board of Corrections (August 1972 revised), Georgia Department of Corrections by Georgia State Board of Corrections (1972-08-01) [legal_document, primary] - The Mentally Retarded Offender (HEW, HSM 72-9039), U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (1972-01-01) [official_report, primary] - Transcript of Georgia Advisory Committee Open Meeting (Vols. III-VI), Georgia Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights by Georgia Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (1976-01-01) [official_report, primary]