GPS RESEARCH LIBRARY: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two (NCJ 248529, 2001) ============================================================ Georgia Prisoners' Speak — gps.press Generated: 2026-09-14 13:24:14 EDT Research Date: 2026-09-06 Topic: Parole JSON: https://gps.press/research-data/the-georgia-cognitive-skills-experiment-process-evaluation-phase-two-ncj-248529-2001/?format=json SUMMARY ---------------------------------------- This document is the final chunk (pages 136-158) of the Phase Two process evaluation of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment, a University of Cincinnati study for the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles. It contains detailed appendices (K through Q) with class session characteristics, observer evaluation scales, and participant evaluation responses across numerous Georgia parole districts and facilities. Key findings include high rates of program completion (ranging from 51.9% to 95% across sites), generally positive participant assessments of program adherence, relevance, and group climate, and methodological notes documenting screening and data quality limitations. STATISTICS (376) ---------------------------------------- - [confirmed] Experimental group gender distribution Most Phase II participants were men (91.3%), with 545 males and 52 females in the experimental group of 597. Value: 91.3 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase II total study participants Phase II of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment randomly assigned 1,193 offenders to either the treatment (N=609) or control group (N=584). Value: 1193.0 offenders Tags: methodology,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group medium/high risk proportion Proportionately more of the experimental group are medium/high risk (experimental = 49.2%; control = 44.8%), but this difference is not statistically significant. Value: 49.2 percent (vs. 44.8 control group) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Adherence to social learning methods mean score Participants rated coaches' adherence to social learning methods with a mean score of 4.3 (SD 0.5) on a 1-5 scale, with 98.7% of participants scoring above neutral. Value: 4.3 mean score (1-5 scale) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Brunswick completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Brunswick parole district, 62.1% of program participants (18 of 29) were still in the program at class 30, 37.9% (11) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 62.1 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group average age The average age of the experimental group at Marietta was 29.5 years (N=55). Value: 29.5 years Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I recidivism reduction for class completers vs control group Discrete time survival analysis, controlling for relevant background characteristics, produced statistically significant treatment effects of 17% on returns to prison and 19% on re-arrests for class completers compared to the control group in Phase I of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment. Value: 17.0 percent Tags: recidivism,cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group age distribution Most participants (69.0%) were between ages 18 and 35 at the beginning of the program, with an average age of 32.2. Age breakdown: 18-25 (27.1%), 26-36 (41.9%), 36-50 (27.1%), 50+ (3.9%). Value: 32.2 years Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase II experimental group size The experimental (treatment) group in Phase II consisted of 609 offenders. Value: 609.0 offenders Tags: methodology,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Prior property convictions difference between groups Twenty-three percent of the experimental group had eight or more prior property convictions, compared to 19.0% of the control group; the median number of prior property convictions for both groups is two. This was the only statistically significant difference in criminal history characteristics. Value: 23.0 percent (vs. 19.0 control group) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Relevance of skills to participant mean score Participants rated the relevance of skills to participants with a mean score of 4.2 (SD 0.5) on a 1-5 scale, with 97.2% of participants scoring above neutral. Value: 4.2 mean score (1-5 scale) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] North Fulton completion rate: still in at class 30 In the North Fulton parole district, 57.1% of program participants (8 of 14) were still in the program at class 30, 7.3% (1) did not complete, and 35.7% (5) never began. Value: 57.1 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group race distribution At Marietta, 41.8% of the experimental group was White and 58.2% was nonwhite (N=55). Value: 58.2 percent nonwhite Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I re-arrest reduction for class completers vs control group Discrete time survival analysis, controlling for relevant background characteristics, produced statistically significant treatment effects of 19% on re-arrests for class completers compared to the control group in Phase I of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment. Value: 19.0 percent Tags: recidivism,cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group racial composition Participants were mostly nonwhite (68.5%); of the 409 nonwhite participants, one was Native American and the rest were African American. Value: 68.5 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase II control group size The control group in Phase II consisted of 584 offenders. Value: 584.0 offenders Tags: methodology,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Substance abuse history in study sample 56.4% of the total study sample (660 of 1171) had a history of substance abuse; 43.6% (511 of 1171) had no history of substance abuse. Value: 56.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Group climate mean score Participants rated group climate with a mean score of 3.9 (SD 0.6) on a 1-5 scale, with 90.0% of participants scoring above neutral. This was the lowest-rated of the three participant evaluation scales. Value: 3.9 mean score (1-5 scale) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Cairo completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Cairo parole district, 68.8% of program participants (33 of 48) were still in the program at class 30, 10.4% (5) did not complete, and 20.8% (10) never began. Value: 68.8 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group substance abuse history At Marietta, 52.7% of the experimental group had a history of substance abuse (N=55). Value: 52.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I overall recidivism reduction not statistically significant The 4% lower return to prison and re-arrest rates for the experimental group compared to the control group in Phase I were not statistically significant. Value: 4.0 percent Tags: recidivism,cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group employment status at arrest 50.9% of participants were not employed full time at the time of their arrest. Employment breakdown: employed full time (49.1%), employed part time (10.0%), unemployed less than 6 months (15.4%), unemployed 6+ months (16.5%), never worked but capable (3.4%), student (0.5%), incapable of work (2.4%), other (2.7%). Value: 50.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase II study sites From July 1998 to April 2000, 28 sites across Georgia participated in Phase II: 25 parole districts and three correctional institutions. Value: 28.0 sites Tags: operations,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Average IQ of study participants The average IQ of experimental group participants was 100.8, control group participants averaged 101.0, and the total sample averaged 100.9. Value: 100.9 IQ points Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Coaches read from manual majority of class time 68.9% of program participants indicated that coaches read from the program manual the majority of the class time. The meaning of this high proportion is unclear, as it may include both appropriate and inappropriate use of the manual. Value: 68.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Griffin completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Griffin parole district, 75.0% of program participants (9 of 12) were still in the program at class 30, 25.0% (3) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 75.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group average IQ The average IQ of the experimental group at Marietta was 105.3 (N=55). Value: 105.3 IQ points Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I random assignment sample size The Phase I evaluation randomly assigned 468 parolees to either an experimental group (N = 232) or a control group (N = 236) in 16 parole districts. Value: 468.0 parolees Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group educational attainment 65.4% of participants did not complete high school. Education breakdown: less than high school (8.6%), some high school (56.8%), high school (22.5%), at least some technical school (3.2%), at least some college (9.0%). Value: 65.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase II parole district sites 25 parole districts participated in Phase II of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment. Value: 25.0 parole districts Tags: operations,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Reading level below 5th grade in sample 27.3% of the total study sample (313 of 1148) read below 5th grade level; 72.7% (835 of 1148) read at 5th grade level or above. Value: 27.3 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Monthly meetings with supervising parole officer during program Not including the Cognitive Skills meetings, participants met with their supervising parole officer an average of 1.9 times per month (SD 1.0) while in the Cognitive Skills program. Value: 1.9 meetings per month Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: parole,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaGrange completion rate: still in at class 30 In the LaGrange parole district, 83.3% of program participants (10 of 12) were still in the program at class 30, 16.7% (2) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 83.3 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group reading level At Marietta, 13.0% of the experimental group read below 5th grade level and 87.0% read at 5th grade or above (N=55). Value: 13.0 percent below 5th grade reading Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I experimental group size Phase I randomly assigned 232 parolees to the experimental group. Value: 232.0 parolees Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group reading level below fifth grade 26.4% of participants (154 of 584) scored below a fifth-grade reading level on the WRAT reading assessment. Value: 26.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase II correctional institution sites Three correctional institutions participated in Phase II of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment. Value: 3.0 institutions Tags: operations,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Marital status distribution of study sample Of the total study sample (1165), 63.2% were single (never married), 11.0% married, 5.2% separated, 9.1% divorced, 1.2% widowed, 10.2% common law marriage, and 0.1% other. Value: 63.2 percent single Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaFayette completion rate: still in at class 30 In the LaFayette parole district, 76.9% of program participants (10 of 13) were still in the program at class 30, 15.4% (2) did not complete, and 7.7% (1) never began. Value: 76.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group prior incarceration mean The mean number of prior incarcerations for the Marietta experimental group was 0.5, with a median of 0.0 (N=55). Value: 0.5 prior incarcerations Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I control group size Phase I randomly assigned 236 parolees to the control group. Value: 236.0 parolees Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group average IQ The average IQ of experimental group participants was 100.8, with 8.2% having IQs below 80. IQ breakdown: 50-80 (8.2%), 81-99 (34.5%), 100-115 (43.2%), 116-139 (14.2%). Value: 100.8 IQ points Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase I total study participants The Phase I evaluation randomly assigned 468 parolees to either an experimental group (N=232) or a control group (N=236) in 16 parole districts. Value: 468.0 parolees Tags: methodology,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Prior incarceration distribution in sample Of the total study sample (1171), 41.8% had no prior incarcerations, 27.2% had one, 13.6% had two, 8.1% had three, 5.1% had four, and 4.3% had five or more prior incarcerations. Value: 41.8 percent with no prior incarceration Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Women more likely to report coaches did not read from manual 64.0% of women and 19.6% of men indicated that coaches did not read from the manual the majority of the class time. This was the only significant sex difference found in participant evaluations. Value: 64.0 percent (vs. 19.6 men) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Brunswick parolees using skills at time 1 In the Brunswick parole district, 95.0% of parolees (19 of 20) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 95.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group prior felony convictions mean The mean number of prior felony convictions for the Marietta experimental group was 2.6, with a median of 2.0 (N=55). Value: 2.6 prior felony convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group marital status Most participants (60.8%) were single. Marital status breakdown: single (60.8%), married (10.6%), separated (5.7%), divorced (10.6%), widowed (1.2%), common law marriage (11.0%). Value: 60.8 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase I experimental group size The Phase I experimental group consisted of 232 parolees. Value: 232.0 parolees Tags: methodology,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Prior felony convictions in sample The mean number of prior felony convictions for both experimental and control groups was 2.9, with a median of 2.0. 25.3% of the experimental group and 25.0% of the control group had no prior felony convictions. Value: 2.9 mean prior felony convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Personality type differences in reports of coaches reading from manual Neurotics (40.4%) and situationals (39.1%) were more likely to indicate that coaches did not read from the manual the majority of class time, compared to 26.9% of aggressives and 20.3% of dependents. Value: 40.4 percent (vs. 20.3 dependents) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] North Fulton parolees using skills at time 1 In the North Fulton parole district, 100.0% of parolees (9 of 9) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group prior violent convictions mean The mean number of prior violent convictions for the Marietta experimental group was 0.8, with a median of 0.0 (N=55). Value: 0.8 prior violent convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: violence,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II total sample size Phase II of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment employed an experimental design whereby 1193 offenders were randomly assigned to either the treatment (N = 609) or control group (N = 584). Value: 1193.0 offenders Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group substance abuse history Slightly over half (56.8%) of participants were noted in OTIS files to have a history of substance abuse. Value: 56.8 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase I control group size The Phase I control group consisted of 236 parolees. Value: 236.0 parolees Tags: methodology,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Prior violent convictions in sample The mean number of prior violent convictions for both experimental and control groups was 1.2, with a median of 0.0. 56.0% of the total sample had no prior violent convictions. Value: 1.2 mean prior violent convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: violence,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] I-Level 4 participants more likely to report coaches did not read from manual Forty percent of I-Level 4 participants responded that coaches did not read from the manual the majority of the class time, while 23.8% of I-Levels 2 and 3 did so. Value: 40.0 percent (vs. 23.8 I-Levels 2 and 3) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Cairo parolees using skills at time 1 In the Cairo parole district, 65.5% of parolees (19 of 29) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 65.5 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group prior property convictions mean The mean number of prior property convictions for the Marietta experimental group was 4.0, with a median of 2.0 (N=55). Value: 4.0 prior property convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II experimental group size Phase II randomly assigned 609 offenders to the treatment (experimental) group. Value: 609.0 offenders Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group social class distribution Prison counselors characterized 79.8% of participants as maintaining at least a minimum standard of living. Social class breakdown: welfare (9.1%), occasionally employed (11.1%), minimum standard (39.6%), middle class (40.2%). Value: 79.8 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase I parole district sites Phase I of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment was conducted in 16 parole districts. Value: 16.0 parole districts Tags: operations,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Prior drug sale convictions in sample The mean number of prior drug sale convictions was 0.7 for the experimental group and 0.8 for the control group, with a median of 0.0 for both. 57.3% of the total sample had no prior drug sale convictions. Value: 0.7 mean prior drug sale convictions (experimental) (vs. 0.8 control group mean) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Eight percent of experimental group have IQs at or below 80 Eight percent of the experimental group have IQs at or below 80, making it unlikely that they will be able to fully comprehend the material covered in the program. Value: 8.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Griffin parolees using skills at time 1 In the Griffin parole district, 100.0% of parolees (12 of 12) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group prior drug sale convictions mean The mean number of prior drug sale convictions for the Marietta experimental group was 0.9, with a median of 0.0 (N=55). Value: 0.9 prior drug sale convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II control group size Phase II randomly assigned 584 offenders to the control group. Value: 584.0 offenders Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group risk level distribution Half (49.2%) of the experimental group were classified as medium/high risk, while 50.8% were classified as low risk. Value: 50.8 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: policy,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of male participants in Phase II Most of the Phase II participants are men (91.3%). Value: 91.3 percent Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Prior drug possession convictions in sample The mean number of prior drug possession convictions was 2.2 for the experimental group and 2.1 for the control group, with a median of 1.0 for both. 37.4% of the total sample had no prior drug possession convictions. Value: 2.2 mean prior drug possession convictions (experimental) (vs. 2.1 control group mean) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Sex offenders represented in experimental group Sex offenders, some with extensive histories of sexually offending, are represented in the experimental sample at 3%, despite being considered inappropriate for the program. Value: 3.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaGrange parolees using skills at time 1 In the LaGrange parole district, 100.0% of parolees (12 of 12) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group prior drug possession convictions mean The mean number of prior drug possession convictions for the Marietta experimental group was 2.5, with a median of 2.0 (N=55). Value: 2.5 prior drug possession convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group prior incarceration history A slight majority (58.1%) had multiple prior incarcerations. Breakdown: none (41.9%), one (27.0%), two (14.4%), three (7.2%), four (5.7%), five or more (3.9%). Mean was 1.2, median 1.0. Value: 58.1 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of participants aged 18-35 69.0% of Phase II participants were between the ages of 18 and 35 at the beginning of the program. Value: 69.0 percent Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Prior sex crime convictions in sample The mean number of prior sex crime convictions was 0.1 for both experimental and control groups, with a median of 0.0. 96.3% of the total sample (1128 of 1171) had no prior sex crime convictions. Value: 0.1 mean prior sex crime convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] 10.2% of experimental group inappropriate for program due to IQ or sex offender status Due to the inclusion of offenders with low cognitive ability (8%) and of sex offenders (3%), 10.2% of the experimental group are inappropriate for the program. Value: 10.2 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaFayette parolees using skills at time 1 In the LaFayette parole district, 81.8% of parolees (9 of 11) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 81.8 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group prior sex crime convictions mean The mean number of prior sex crime convictions for the Marietta experimental group was 0.1, with a median of 0.0 (N=55). Value: 0.1 prior sex crime convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II number of parole districts Phase II included 25 parole districts across Georgia. Value: 25.0 parole districts Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group prior parole revocations Nearly half (44.1%) of experimental group participants had prior parole revocations. Value: 44.1 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: parole,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Average age of Phase II participants The average age of Phase II participants was 32 at the beginning of the program. Value: 32.0 years Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Over half of experimental group inappropriate for program when low risk included If the 299 low risk offenders are added to the pool of inappropriate participants, over half of the experimental group (54%) can be considered inappropriate for the program. However, Phase I found low risk offenders benefited from the R&R program. Value: 54.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Brunswick parolees using skills at time 3 In the Brunswick parole district, 100.0% of parolees (19 of 19) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group risk level distribution At Marietta, 79.2% of the experimental group was classified as low risk and 20.8% as medium/high risk (N=53). Value: 79.2 percent low risk Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II number of correctional institutions Phase II included three correctional institutions. Value: 3.0 institutions Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group prior felony convictions Only one participant (0.2%) had no prior felony convictions; 48% had three or more. Mean was 2.9, median 2.0. Breakdown: none (0.2%), one (24.8%), two (27.0%), three (18.6%), four (11.9%), five or more (17.6%). Value: 48.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of nonwhite participants Phase II participants were mostly nonwhite (68.5%). Of the 409 nonwhite participants, one was Native American and the rest were African American. Value: 68.5 percent Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] I-Level distribution in experimental group I-Levels 2 and 3 combined constitute 60.0% of the experimental group (308 of 513); I-Level 4 constitutes 40.0% (205 of 513). I-Level 2s alone constitute only 4.9% of the experimental group. Value: 60.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: mental_health,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] 299 low risk offenders in experimental group The experimental group included 299 low risk offenders, who are considered inappropriate for the program under recommended targeting criteria. Value: 299.0 offenders Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] North Fulton parolees using skills at time 3 In the North Fulton parole district, 100.0% of parolees (8 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Marietta experimental group prior parole revocation At Marietta, 16.5% of the experimental group had a prior parole revocation (N=55). Value: 16.5 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: parole,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II total number of program groups Phase II comprised a total of 52 groups of randomly assigned offenders. Value: 52.0 groups Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group prior property crime convictions Property crime convictions were the most common prior offense type (72.4%). Breakdown: none (27.6%), one (13.9%), two (12.9%), three (6.0%), four (4.7%), five (4.5%), six (4.0%), seven (3.0%), eight or more (23.3%). Mean was 4.8, median 2.0. Value: 72.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Number of nonwhite participants Of the 409 nonwhite participants in Phase II, one was Native American and the rest were African American. Value: 409.0 participants Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Jesness Inventory personality type distribution Within the experimental group, 32.2% were classified as Aggressives, 17.5% as Neurotics, 27.9% as Dependents, and 22.4% as Situationals. These distributions are very similar to those found in a sample of male federal penitentiary inmates (Van Voorhis, 1994). Value: 32.2 percent Aggressives Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: mental_health,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Cairo parolees using skills at time 3 In the Cairo parole district, 100.0% of parolees (28 of 28) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group average age The average age of the experimental group at Clarkesville was 36.9 years (N=7). Value: 36.9 years Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II non-experimental program groups During Phase II, 10 additional groups of classes across eight sites (N = 98) occurred that were not involved in the experimental design of the evaluation; parole officers selected parolees to participate in R&R without comparison groups. Value: 98.0 offenders Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group prior drug possession convictions Drug possession convictions were present in 62.0% of participants. Breakdown: none (38.0%), one (15.9%), two (13.4%), three (9.5%), four (7.7%), five or more (15.4%). Mean was 2.2, median 1.0. Value: 62.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of participants maintaining minimum standard of living Prison counselors at intake characterized 79.8% of the Phase II participants as maintaining at least a minimum standard of living. Value: 79.8 percent Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] 76.9% of classes exceeded recommended maximum of six offenders Even taking into consideration the proportion of experimental group members that did not begin the program (13.1%), the majority of classes (76.9%) exceeded the recommended maximum of six offenders per group at the beginning of the program. Value: 76.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Griffin parolees using skills at time 3 In the Griffin parole district, 100.0% of parolees (12 of 12) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group race distribution At Clarkesville, 71.4% of the experimental group was White and 28.6% was nonwhite (N=7). Value: 71.4 percent White Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II non-experimental groups count 10 additional groups of classes across eight sites occurred during Phase II that were not involved in the experimental design. Value: 10.0 groups Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group prior violent convictions Violent convictions were present in 43.9% of participants. Breakdown: none (56.1%), one (16.2%), two (10.1%), three (5.7%), four (3.9%), five or more (8.0%). Mean was 1.3, median 0.0. Value: 43.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: violence,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage not employed full time at arrest Self-reports of employment at prison intake indicate that 50.9% of Phase II participants were not employed full time at the time of their arrest. Value: 50.9 percent Tags: demographics,reentry Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Program group size range From six to 28 offenders were assigned to the Cognitive Skills Program groups, with the typical size around 11 (mean = 12; median = 10). Nearly all of the program groups created through the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program exceeded the recommended class size of 4-6. Value: 12.0 mean assigned group size Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] 13.1% of experimental group did not begin program 13.1% of experimental group members did not begin the program. Value: 13.1 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaGrange parolees using skills at time 3 In the LaGrange parole district, 100.0% of parolees (12 of 12) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group substance abuse history At Clarkesville, 14.3% of the experimental group had a history of substance abuse (N=7). Value: 14.3 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II sites running two program groups Eighteen sites conducted two Cognitive Skills courses during Phase II. Value: 18.0 sites Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group prior drug sale convictions Drug sale convictions were present in 42.0% of participants. Breakdown: none (58.0%), one (23.5%), two or more (18.6%). Mean was 0.7, median 0.0. Value: 42.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage who did not complete high school 65.4% of Phase II participants did not complete high school. Value: 65.4 percent Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Class size at session 30 By session 30, classes reduced to between two to 20 participants. Even taking into consideration attrition, nearly half (40.4%) of the program groups exceeded the recommended class size of six. Value: 40.4 percent of groups exceeding recommended size Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Program groups ranged from 6 to 28 offenders Program groups formed through random assignment ranged in size from six to 28 offenders, with the typical class having 11 members. Value: 11.0 offenders per class (typical) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaFayette parolees using skills at time 3 In the LaFayette parole district, 90.0% of parolees (9 of 10) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 90.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group average IQ The average IQ of the experimental group at Clarkesville was 106.6 (N=7). Value: 106.6 IQ points Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II sites running three program groups An additional eighteen sites ran three Cognitive Skills groups during Phase II. Value: 18.0 sites Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage scoring below fifth grade reading level 26.4% of Phase II participants scored below a fifth grade reading level on the WRAT reading assessment. Value: 26.4 percent Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Program non-starter rate 80 (13.1%) of the 609 offenders assigned to the program did not start the Cognitive Skills Program. Value: 13.1 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] 40.4% of groups exceeded appropriate class size at session 30 Due to attrition, class sizes eventually reduced, but still 40.4% of the groups exceeded the appropriate class size at session 30. Value: 40.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Brunswick parolees using skills at time 5 In the Brunswick parole district, 100.0% of parolees (17 of 17) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group reading level At Clarkesville, 28.6% of the experimental group read below 5th grade level and 71.4% read at 5th grade or above (N=7). Value: 28.6 percent below 5th grade reading Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Whitworth Detention Center program groups Whitworth Detention Center held four Cognitive Skills groups during Phase II. Value: 4.0 groups Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Average IQ of Phase II participants The average IQ of Phase II participants was 100.8. Value: 100.8 IQ points Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Program dropout rate by session 30 Of those who did begin the program, 24.1% were no longer participating in the program by the 30th class session. Value: 24.1 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II completion rate of 62.7% Completion rates for Phase II were only slightly higher (62.7%) than those for Phase I (59.6%). Given that the Phase I outcome study found program completion to be a key component of program success, the report recommends stronger program attendance requirements. Value: 62.7 percent (vs. 59.6 Phase I completion rate) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] North Fulton parolees using skills at time 5 In the North Fulton parole district, 100.0% of parolees (8 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group prior incarceration mean The mean number of prior incarcerations for the Clarkesville experimental group was 1.1, with a median of 0.0 (N=7). Value: 1.1 prior incarcerations Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II participant background data availability Complete sets of social and demographic data derived from OTIS were available for 91.1% (N = 1087) of the randomly assigned sample. Value: 91.1 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with IQs below 80 8.2% of Phase II participants had IQs below 80. Value: 8.2 percent Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Overall program completion rate Phase II A total of 382 (62.7%) of the experimental group completed the course. This total completion rate is comparable to Phase I where 59.6% finished the program. Value: 62.7 percent (vs. 59.6 Phase I completion rate) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I completion rate of 59.6% Phase I of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment had a completion rate of 59.6%. Value: 59.6 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Cairo parolees using skills at time 5 In the Cairo parole district, 100.0% of parolees (21 of 21) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group prior felony convictions mean The mean number of prior felony convictions for the Clarkesville experimental group was 4.1, with a median of 3.0 (N=7). Value: 4.1 prior felony convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II participant background data sample size Complete sets of social and demographic data derived from OTIS were available for 1087 of the randomly assigned sample. Value: 1087.0 offenders Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of single participants Most Phase II participants (60.8%) were single. Value: 60.8 percent Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Completion rate range among program starters Focusing only on those offenders who began the program, the completion rates range from 33% to 100% across program groups, with an average completion rate of around 72% (mean = 72.0%; median = 73.2%). Value: 72.0 percent mean completion rate Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Nearly 99% of participants rated coaches above neutral on social learning methods Nearly 99% of participants rated coaches above neutral on the adherence to social learning methods scale, which encompasses the use of role playing and opportunities to practice skills during class meetings. Value: 99.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Griffin parolees using skills at time 5 In the Griffin parole district, 100.0% of parolees (9 of 9) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group prior violent convictions mean The mean number of prior violent convictions for the Clarkesville experimental group was 1.9, with a median of 0.0 (N=7). Value: 1.9 prior violent convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: violence,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II criminal history data availability Criminal history data were available for 98.2% (N = 1171) of the randomly assigned sample. Value: 98.2 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with history of substance abuse Slightly over half (56.8%) of Phase II participants were noted in Georgia's offender information tracking system (OTIS) files to have a history of substance abuse. Value: 56.8 percent Tags: drugs,demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] 97% of participants rated classes as relevant or very relevant R&R received very favorable assessments regarding relevance; 97% of the participants rated the classes as relevant or very relevant. Value: 97.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaGrange parolees using skills at time 5 In the LaGrange parole district, 100.0% of parolees (9 of 9) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group prior property convictions mean The mean number of prior property convictions for the Clarkesville experimental group was 5.0, with a median of 3.0 (N=7). Value: 5.0 prior property convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II criminal history data sample size Criminal history data were available for 1171 of the randomly assigned sample. Value: 1171.0 offenders Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage classified as medium/high risk Half (49.2%) of Phase II participants were classified by the study's risk score as medium/high risk. Value: 49.2 percent Tags: demographics,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] High participation levels in program Approximately three-fourths of program participants averaged scores in the two highest categories of level of participation (attentive, responsive and attentive, volunteers; 75.5%). Value: 75.5 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Class structure rated below mode for 41.3% of groups at session 17 Observers assessed the area of 'general issues and class structure' as below the mode, or most frequent value, for 41.3% of program groups at session 17 and 22.2% at session 30. Value: 41.3 percent (vs. 22.2 session 30) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaFayette parolees using skills at time 5 In the LaFayette parole district, 90.0% of parolees (9 of 10) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 90.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group prior drug sale convictions mean The mean number of prior drug sale convictions for the Clarkesville experimental group was 0.4, with a median of 0.0 (N=7). Value: 0.4 prior drug sale convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory availability for experimental group Jesness Inventories were available for 541 (88.8%) of the experimental group members. Value: 88.8 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with multiple prior incarcerations A slight majority (58.1%) of Phase II participants had been incarcerated multiple times including their last incarceration experience. Value: 58.1 percent Tags: demographics,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] High enjoyment levels in program 70.4% of program participants averaged scores in the two highest categories of enjoyment (expressed some enjoyment and expressed strong enjoyment). Value: 70.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Sensitivity to participants' feelings rated as program strength Observers reported that coaches in 78.3% of program groups at session 17 and 91.1% of program groups at session 30 met expectations in the area of 'sensitivity to participants' feelings,' which taps into coaches' skills related to empathy, confrontation without demeaning participants, and leadership. Value: 78.3 percent (vs. 91.1 session 30) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jefferson completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Jefferson parole district, 66.7% of program participants (8 of 12) were still in the program at class 30, 16.7% (2) did not complete, and 16.7% (2) never began. Value: 66.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group prior drug possession convictions mean The mean number of prior drug possession convictions for the Clarkesville experimental group was 1.7, with a median of 1.0 (N=7). Value: 1.7 prior drug possession convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory count for experimental group Jesness Inventories were available for 541 of the experimental group members. Value: 541.0 inventories Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with prior parole revocations Nearly half (44.1%) of Phase II participants had prior parole revocations in their history. Value: 44.1 percent Tags: parole,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] High understanding levels in program 76.8% of program participants averaged scores in the two highest categories of understanding (understands, cannot offer examples and understands, can offer examples). Value: 76.8 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Dekalb completion rate: still in at class 30 In the South Dekalb parole district, 36.8% of program participants (14 of 38) were still in the program at class 30, 28.9% (11) did not complete, and 34.2% (13) never began. Value: 36.8 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group prior sex crime convictions mean The mean number of prior sex crime convictions for the Clarkesville experimental group was 0.0, with a median of 0.0 (N=7). Value: 0.0 prior sex crime convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory undetermined personality types Of the Jesness Inventories received, two yielded 'undetermined' personality types (0.04% of those received). Value: 2.0 inventories Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with no prior felony convictions Only one participant (.2%) had no felony convictions other than those leading to his last incarceration. Value: 0.2 percent Tags: demographics,legal Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Lyons completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Lyons parole district, 55.6% of program participants (5 of 9) were still in the program at class 30, 44.4% (4) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 55.6 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group risk level distribution At Clarkesville, 42.9% of the experimental group was classified as low risk and 57.1% as medium/high risk (N=7). Value: 42.9 percent low risk Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory scoring problems 82 (15.2% of those received) Jesness Inventories posed scoring problems due to missing or double responses on items. Value: 82.0 inventories Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with three or more prior felony convictions 48% of Phase II participants had three or more prior felony convictions. Value: 48.0 percent Tags: demographics,legal Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Group atmosphere ratings According to coaches, the typical group atmosphere for 60.8% of the groups was 'cohesive,' and 27.5% of the groups were characterized as 'agreeable with some participation.' 11.8% averaged the neutral rating of 'listening, little active participation.' No groups were described as typically being 'divisive, quiet' or as 'some disagreement, not listening.' Value: 60.8 percent cohesive Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Statesboro completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Statesboro parole district, 55.6% of program participants (15 of 27) were still in the program at class 30, 25.9% (7) did not complete, and 18.5% (5) never began. Value: 55.6 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Clarkesville experimental group prior parole revocation At Clarkesville, 14.3% of the experimental group had a prior parole revocation (N=7). Value: 14.3 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: parole,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory scoring problems percentage 15.2% of received Jesness Inventories posed scoring problems due to missing or double responses on items. Value: 15.2 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with prior property crime convictions Property crime convictions were the most common prior conviction type among Phase II participants (72.4%). Value: 72.4 percent Tags: demographics,legal Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Metro completion rate: still in at class 30 In the South Metro parole district, 66.7% of program participants (14 of 21) were still in the program at class 30, 33.3% (7) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 66.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group average age The average age of the experimental group at Dahlonega was 29.4 years (N=12). Value: 29.4 years Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory problematic inventories fixed Fifty-six (68.3%) of the 82 problematic Jesness inventories could be fixed through the scoring rules procedure. Value: 56.0 inventories Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with prior drug possession convictions 62.0% of Phase II participants had prior drug possession convictions. Value: 62.0 percent Tags: drugs,demographics,legal Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Skill application at time 3 At time 3, 92.7% of parolees (328 of 354) were reported to be using previously taught skills. Value: 92.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Richmond completion rate: still in at class 30 In the South Richmond parole district, 63.2% of program participants (12 of 19) were still in the program at class 30, 21.1% (4) did not complete, and 15.8% (3) never began. Value: 63.2 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group race distribution At Dahlonega, 100.0% of the experimental group was White (N=12). Value: 100.0 percent White Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory problematic inventories fixed percentage 68.3% of the 82 problematic Jesness inventories could be fixed through the scoring rules procedure. Value: 68.3 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with prior violent convictions 43.9% of Phase II participants had prior violent convictions. Value: 43.9 percent Tags: violence,demographics,legal Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jefferson parolees using skills at time 1 In the Jefferson parole district, 66.7% of parolees (4 of 6) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 66.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group substance abuse history At Dahlonega, 33.3% of the experimental group had a history of substance abuse (N=12). Value: 33.3 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory final scored count In the end, a total of 513 (84.2%) Jesness Inventories generated personality types. Value: 513.0 inventories Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with prior drug sale convictions 42.0% of Phase II participants had prior drug sale convictions. Value: 42.0 percent Tags: drugs,demographics,legal Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Dekalb parolees using skills at time 1 In the South Dekalb parole district, 0.0% of parolees (0 of 20) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 0.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group average IQ The average IQ of the experimental group at Dahlonega was 105.5 (N=11). Value: 105.5 IQ points Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory final scored percentage 84.2% of Jesness Inventories generated personality types after scoring procedures. Value: 84.2 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Number of participants with sex crime conviction histories Despite screening criteria to exclude sex offenders, 18 participants (3.0%) in the experimental group had histories of sex crime convictions. Value: 18.0 participants Tags: demographics,legal,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Lyons parolees using skills at time 1 In the Lyons parole district, 87.5% of parolees (7 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 87.5 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group reading level At Dahlonega, 18.2% of the experimental group read below 5th grade level and 81.8% read at 5th grade or above (N=11). Value: 18.2 percent below 5th grade reading Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Session evaluation data availability Session evaluations of at least two of the five sessions were available for only 486 (79.8%) program participants. Value: 486.0 participants Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage with sex crime conviction histories 3.0% of Phase II experimental group participants had histories of sex crime convictions despite screening criteria to exclude sex offenders. Value: 3.0 percent Tags: demographics,legal,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Statesboro parolees using skills at time 1 In the Statesboro parole district, 86.7% of parolees (13 of 15) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 86.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group prior incarceration mean The mean number of prior incarcerations for the Dahlonega experimental group was 0.8, with a median of 0.0 (N=12). Value: 0.8 prior incarcerations Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Session evaluation data availability percentage Session evaluations of at least two of the five sessions were available for 79.8% of program participants. Value: 79.8 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage classified as I-level 2 Very few members of the Phase II experimental group were classified as I-level 2s (4.9%). Value: 4.9 percent Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Metro parolees using skills at time 1 In the South Metro parole district, 76.5% of parolees (13 of 17) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 76.5 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group prior felony convictions mean The mean number of prior felony convictions for the Dahlonega experimental group was 3.0, with a median of 2.0 (N=12). Value: 3.0 prior felony convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Observer evaluation of session 17 Of the 52 study groups, observers evaluated 46 (88.5%) of the 17th sessions. Value: 46.0 sessions Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage classified as I-level 3 The majority of Phase II experimental group members were classified as I-level 3s (55.2%). Value: 55.2 percent Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Richmond parolees using skills at time 1 In the South Richmond parole district, 41.7% of parolees (5 of 12) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 41.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group prior violent convictions mean The mean number of prior violent convictions for the Dahlonega experimental group was 1.0, with a median of 0.0 (N=12). Value: 1.0 prior violent convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: violence,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Observer evaluation of session 17 percentage 88.5% of the 17th sessions were evaluated by observers. Value: 88.5 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage classified as I-level 4 I-level 4s made up 40.0% of the Phase II experimental group. Value: 40.0 percent Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jefferson parolees using skills at time 3 In the Jefferson parole district, 66.7% of parolees (4 of 6) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 66.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group prior property convictions mean The mean number of prior property convictions for the Dahlonega experimental group was 1.8, with a median of 0.0 (N=12). Value: 1.8 prior property convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Observer evaluation of session 30 Of the 52 study groups, observers evaluated 45 (86.5%) of the 30th sessions. Value: 45.0 sessions Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage classified as Aggressives More of the Phase II experimental group were classified as Aggressives (32.2%) than the other three Jesness Inventory types. Value: 32.2 percent Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Session 17 observer ratings below mode At session 17, around half of the program groups were in need of improvement in the areas of 'general issues and class structure' (41.3%), 'organization' (56.5%), and 'delivery and response to participant's use of skills' (41.3%). Less than a quarter fell below the mode on 'sensitivity to participant's feelings' (21.7%) and 'group participation' (19.6%). Value: 56.5 percent below mode (organization) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Dekalb parolees using skills at time 3 In the South Dekalb parole district, 90.9% of parolees (10 of 11) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 90.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group prior drug sale convictions mean The mean number of prior drug sale convictions for the Dahlonega experimental group was 0.7, with a median of 0.0 (N=12). Value: 0.7 prior drug sale convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Observer evaluation of session 30 percentage 86.5% of the 30th sessions were evaluated by observers. Value: 86.5 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage classified as Dependents Dependents made up 27.9% of the Phase II experimental group. Value: 27.9 percent Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Session 30 observer ratings below mode By session 30, over three-fourths of the groups met observers' standards on 'general issues and class structure,' 'organization,' and 'delivery and response to participant's use of skills.' The vast majority of the groups reached observers' standards for 'sensitivity to participant's feelings' (82.2%) and 'group participation' (91.1%) by the end of the program. Value: 91.1 percent meeting standards (group participation) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Lyons parolees using skills at time 3 In the Lyons parole district, 100.0% of parolees (8 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group prior drug possession convictions mean The mean number of prior drug possession convictions for the Dahlonega experimental group was 1.2, with a median of 1.0 (N=12). Value: 1.2 prior drug possession convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Participant evaluation form response count Two hundred and sixty-two offenders (43.0% of those assigned to the experimental group, and 68.6% of those who completed the program) contributed participant evaluation forms. Value: 262.0 offenders Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Total study sample size The total study sample (experimental plus control) was 1,171 participants, with 597 in the experimental group and 574 in the control group. Value: 1171.0 participants Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage classified as Situationals Situationals made up 22.4% of the Phase II experimental group. Value: 22.4 percent Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Statesboro parolees using skills at time 3 In the Statesboro parole district, 100.0% of parolees (14 of 14) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group prior sex crime convictions mean The mean number of prior sex crime convictions for the Dahlonega experimental group was 0.0, with a median of 0.0 (N=12). Value: 0.0 prior sex crime convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Participant evaluation form response rate of experimental group 43.0% of those assigned to the experimental group contributed participant evaluation forms. Value: 43.0 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Control group average age The control group average age was 32.0, compared to 32.2 for the experimental group. Value: 32.0 years (vs. 32.2 experimental group average age) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage classified as Neurotics Neurotics made up 17.5% of the Phase II experimental group. Value: 17.5 percent Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Metro parolees using skills at time 3 In the South Metro parole district, 100.0% of parolees (12 of 12) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group risk level distribution At Dahlonega, 66.7% of the experimental group was classified as low risk and 33.3% as medium/high risk (N=12). Value: 66.7 percent low risk Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Participant evaluation form response rate of program completers 68.6% of those who completed the program contributed participant evaluation forms. Value: 68.6 percent Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Control group racial composition The control group was 70.0% nonwhite and 30.0% white, compared to 68.5% nonwhite and 31.5% white in the experimental group. Value: 70.0 percent (vs. 68.5 experimental group nonwhite percent) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of low risk offenders in experimental group Low risk offenders constitute half (50.8%) of the Phase II experimental group. Value: 50.8 percent Tags: demographics,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Number of observers in evaluation One of the 11 observers performed the majority of the evaluations. Value: 11.0 observers Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Richmond parolees using skills at time 3 In the South Richmond parole district, 81.8% of parolees (9 of 11) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 81.8 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega experimental group prior parole revocation At Dahlonega, 25.0% of the experimental group had a prior parole revocation (N=12). Value: 25.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: parole,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Control group gender distribution The control group was 92.0% male and 8.0% female, compared to 91.3% male and 8.7% female in the experimental group. Value: 92.0 percent (vs. 91.3 experimental group male percent) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Number of experimental group members with IQs below 80 For 48 (8.2%) of the Phase II experimental group, IQs were low enough (below 80) to call into question the appropriateness of their inclusion in the study. Value: 48.0 offenders Tags: demographics,mental_health,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jefferson parolees using skills at time 5 In the Jefferson parole district, 100.0% of parolees (8 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group average age The average age of the experimental group at Milledgeville was 32.5 years (N=20). Value: 32.5 years Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Maximum prior sex crime convictions among participants Thirteen of the 18 experimental group members with sex crime histories had only one sex crime conviction in their record, but others had up to 10. Value: 10.0 convictions Tags: legal,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Dekalb parolees using skills at time 5 In the South Dekalb parole district, 83.3% of parolees (10 of 12) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 83.3 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group race distribution At Milledgeville, 10.0% of the experimental group was White and 90.0% was nonwhite (N=20). Value: 90.0 percent nonwhite Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of experimental group with 8+ prior property convictions Chi square analysis indicates that a greater proportion of the experimental group had eight or more prior property convictions (experimental = 23.3%; control = 19.0%; p < .05). Value: 23.3 percent (vs. 19.0 control group percentage) Tags: demographics,legal,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Lyons parolees using skills at time 5 In the Lyons parole district, 100.0% of parolees (4 of 4) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group substance abuse history At Milledgeville, 65.0% of the experimental group had a history of substance abuse (N=20). Value: 65.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Median prior property convictions for both groups The median number of prior property convictions for both the experimental and control groups was two. Value: 2.0 convictions Tags: demographics,legal Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Statesboro parolees using skills at time 5 In the Statesboro parole district, 100.0% of parolees (13 of 13) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group average IQ The average IQ of the experimental group at Milledgeville was 98.5 (N=20). Value: 98.5 IQ points Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Class size range at program start From six to 28 offenders were assigned to Phase II program groups at the start of the program. Value: 28.0 offenders (vs. 6 minimum class size) Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Metro parolees using skills at time 5 In the South Metro parole district, 76.9% of parolees (10 of 13) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 76.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group reading level At Milledgeville, 55.0% of the experimental group read below 5th grade level and 45.0% read at 5th grade or above (N=20). Value: 55.0 percent below 5th grade reading Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Mean class size at program start The mean class size for Phase II program groups was 12 offenders. Value: 12.0 offenders Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] South Richmond parolees using skills at time 5 In the South Richmond parole district, 75.0% of parolees (6 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 75.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group prior incarceration mean The mean number of prior incarcerations for the Milledgeville experimental group was 1.7, with a median of 1.0 (N=20). Value: 1.7 prior incarcerations Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Median class size at program start The median class size for Phase II program groups was 10 offenders. Value: 10.0 offenders Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Total experimental groups in Phase II A total of 52 experimental groups participated in Phase II of the evaluation. One group did not report on group atmosphere. Value: 52.0 experimental groups Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Hartwell completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Hartwell parole district, 88.9% of program participants (16 of 18) were still in the program at class 30, 11.1% (2) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 88.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group prior felony convictions mean The mean number of prior felony convictions for the Milledgeville experimental group was 3.3, with a median of 2.5 (N=20). Value: 3.3 prior felony convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Class size range by session 30 By session 30, Phase II classes reduced to between two and 20 participants. Value: 20.0 participants (vs. 2 minimum class size at session 30) Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group total sample size The experimental group total was 609 participants (based on completion data in Table 10); the control group total was 574; the combined total was 1171 (based on Table 7 criminal background data). Value: 609.0 experimental group participants (vs. 574 control group participants) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Coastal State Prison completion rate: still in at class 30 At Coastal State Prison, 91.7% of program participants (11 of 12) were still in the program at class 30, 8.3% (1) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 91.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group prior violent convictions mean The mean number of prior violent convictions for the Milledgeville experimental group was 1.7, with a median of 0.5 (N=20). Value: 1.7 prior violent convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: violence,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of classes exceeding recommended size at session 30 Even taking into consideration attrition, nearly half (40.4%) of the Phase II program groups exceeded the recommended class size of six at session 30. Value: 40.4 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] IQ range distribution in sample Of the total study sample (1149), 7.7% had IQ scores of 50-80, 35.9% had IQ scores of 81-99, 41.7% had IQ scores of 100-115, and 14.6% had IQ scores of 116-139. Value: 41.7 percent with IQ 100-115 Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Whitworth Detention Center completion rate: still in at class 30 At Whitworth Detention Center, 95.0% of program participants (38 of 40) were still in the program at class 30, 5.0% (2) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 95.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group prior property convictions mean The mean number of prior property convictions for the Milledgeville experimental group was 6.2, with a median of 2.5 (N=20). Value: 6.2 prior property convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of classes exceeding recommended size at program start The majority of classes (76.9%) exceeded the recommended maximum of six offenders per group at the beginning of the program. Value: 76.9 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Risk level distribution in sample Of the total study sample (1151), 52.9% were classified as low risk and 47.1% as medium/high risk. Value: 52.9 percent low risk (vs. 47.1 percent medium/high risk) Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Metro State Prison completion rate: still in at class 30 At Metro State Prison, 51.9% of program participants (27 of 52) were still in the program at class 30, 44.2% (23) did not complete, and 3.8% (2) never began. Value: 51.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group prior drug sale convictions mean The mean number of prior drug sale convictions for the Milledgeville experimental group was 0.7, with a median of 0.0 (N=20). Value: 0.7 prior drug sale convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of experimental group who did not start program Eighty (13.1%) of the offenders assigned to the Phase II program did not start. Value: 13.1 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Hartwell parolees using skills at time 1 In the Hartwell parole district, 100.0% of parolees (18 of 18) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group prior drug possession convictions mean The mean number of prior drug possession convictions for the Milledgeville experimental group was 1.7, with a median of 1.0 (N=20). Value: 1.7 prior drug possession convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R implementation sites since 1997 Since 1997, a total of 30 parole districts and three correctional institutions administered R&R to offenders in Georgia. Value: 30.0 parole districts Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Number of experimental group who did not start program Eighty offenders assigned to the Phase II program did not start. Value: 80.0 offenders Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Coastal State Prison parolees using skills at time 1 At Coastal State Prison, 63.6% of parolees (7 of 11) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 63.6 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group prior sex crime convictions mean The mean number of prior sex crime convictions for the Milledgeville experimental group was 0.0, with a median of 0.0 (N=20). Value: 0.0 prior sex crime convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R implementation correctional institutions since 1997 Since 1997, three correctional institutions administered R&R to offenders in Georgia. Value: 3.0 institutions Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage who dropped out by session 30 Of those who did begin the Phase II program, 24.1% were no longer participating in the program by the 30th class session. Value: 24.1 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Whitworth Detention Center parolees using skills at time 1 At Whitworth Detention Center, 28.9% of parolees (11 of 38) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 28.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group risk level distribution At Milledgeville, 35.0% of the experimental group was classified as low risk and 65.0% as medium/high risk (N=20). Value: 35.0 percent low risk Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II observer group composition The group of observers consisted of 11 cognitive coaches who previously ran more than three groups of classes and attended in-service training related to the observation process. Value: 11.0 coaches Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,staffing Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase II program completion rate A total of 382 (62.7%) of the Phase II experimental group completed the course. Value: 62.7 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Metro State Prison parolees using skills at time 1 At Metro State Prison, 94.7% of parolees (18 of 19) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 94.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Milledgeville experimental group prior parole revocation At Milledgeville, 70.0% of the experimental group had a prior parole revocation (N=20). Value: 70.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: parole,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Number of Phase II program completers A total of 382 members of the Phase II experimental group completed the course. Value: 382.0 offenders Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Hartwell parolees using skills at time 3 In the Hartwell parole district, 100.0% of parolees (14 of 14) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group average age The average age of the experimental group at Thomas was 29.0 years (N=10). Value: 29.0 years Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase I program completion rate The Phase I program completion rate was 59.6%. Value: 59.6 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Coastal State Prison parolees using skills at time 3 At Coastal State Prison, 66.7% of parolees (8 of 12) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 66.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group race distribution At Thomas, 20.0% of the experimental group was White and 80.0% was nonwhite (N=10). Value: 80.0 percent nonwhite Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory item count The Jesness Inventory is a 155-item true/false inventory. Value: 155.0 items Date: 1992-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Completion rate range across program groups Focusing only on those offenders who began the Phase II program, completion rates ranged from 33% to 100% across program groups. Value: 100.0 percent (vs. 33 minimum completion rate) Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Whitworth Detention Center parolees using skills at time 3 At Whitworth Detention Center, 94.7% of parolees (36 of 38) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 94.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group substance abuse history At Thomas, 20.0% of the experimental group had a history of substance abuse (N=10). Value: 20.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Mean completion rate among program starters The average completion rate among those who began the Phase II program was approximately 72% (mean = 72.0%). Value: 72.0 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Metro State Prison parolees using skills at time 3 At Metro State Prison, 78.6% of parolees (22 of 28) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 78.6 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group average IQ The average IQ of the experimental group at Thomas was 98.7 (N=10). Value: 98.7 IQ points Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Median completion rate among program starters The median completion rate among those who began the Phase II program was 73.2%. Value: 73.2 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Hartwell parolees using skills at time 5 In the Hartwell parole district, 100.0% of parolees (12 of 12) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group reading level At Thomas, 50.0% of the experimental group read below 5th grade level and 50.0% read at 5th grade or above (N=10). Value: 50.0 percent below 5th grade reading Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage reporting coaches read from manual a good deal of time 68.9% of the Phase II program participants indicated that the coaches read from the manual a good deal of the time. Value: 68.9 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Coastal State Prison parolees using skills at time 5 At Coastal State Prison, 100.0% of parolees (10 of 10) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group prior incarceration mean The mean number of prior incarcerations for the Thomas experimental group was 1.5, with a median of 1.0 (N=10). Value: 1.5 prior incarcerations Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group prior felony convictions mean The mean number of prior felony convictions for the Thomas experimental group was 1.8, with a median of 2.0 (N=10). Value: 1.8 prior felony convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of classes rated less than satisfactory on class structure at session 17 The area of 'general issues and class structure' was assessed as less than satisfactory for 41.3% of program groups at session 17. Value: 41.3 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Whitworth Detention Center parolees using skills at time 5 At Whitworth Detention Center, 100.0% of parolees (38 of 38) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group prior violent convictions mean The mean number of prior violent convictions for the Thomas experimental group was 1.3, with a median of 0.0 (N=10). Value: 1.3 prior violent convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: violence,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of classes rated less than satisfactory on class structure at session 30 The area of 'general issues and class structure' was assessed as less than satisfactory for 22.2% of program groups at session 30. Value: 22.2 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Metro State Prison parolees using skills at time 5 At Metro State Prison, 81.0% of parolees (17 of 21) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 81.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group prior property convictions mean The mean number of prior property convictions for the Thomas experimental group was 2.3, with a median of 2.0 (N=10). Value: 2.3 prior property convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of coaches meeting interpersonal skills expectations at session 17 Observers reported that coaches in 78.3% of program groups at session 17 met expectations in prosocial interpersonal skills. Value: 78.3 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Program groups without comparison groups: completion rate Across all program groups without comparison groups, 79.6% of participants (78 of 98) were still in the program at class 30, 16.3% (16) did not complete, and 4.1% (4) never began. Value: 79.6 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group prior drug sale convictions mean The mean number of prior drug sale convictions for the Thomas experimental group was 0.4, with a median of 0.0 (N=10). Value: 0.4 prior drug sale convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of coaches meeting interpersonal skills expectations at session 30 Observers reported that coaches in 91.1% of program groups at session 30 met expectations in prosocial interpersonal skills. Value: 91.1 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Program groups without comparison groups: parolees using skills at time 1 Across all program groups without comparison groups, 80.2% of parolees (65 of 81) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 80.2 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group prior drug possession convictions mean The mean number of prior drug possession convictions for the Thomas experimental group was 1.2, with a median of 1.0 (N=10). Value: 1.2 prior drug possession convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage rating classes as relevant or very relevant Participants strongly endorsed the relevance of the lessons to their daily lives; 97.2% rated the classes as relevant or very relevant. Value: 97.2 percent Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Program groups without comparison groups: parolees using skills at time 3 Across all program groups without comparison groups, 86.7% of parolees (52 of 60) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 86.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group prior sex crime convictions mean The mean number of prior sex crime convictions for the Thomas experimental group was 0.0, with a median of 0.0 (N=10). Value: 0.0 prior sex crime convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of experimental group inappropriate for program Due to the inclusion of offenders with low cognitive ability and of sex offenders, 10.2% of the Phase II experimental group were inappropriate for the program. Value: 10.2 percent Tags: policy,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Program groups without comparison groups: parolees using skills at time 5 Across all program groups without comparison groups, 94.4% of parolees (67 of 71) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 94.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group risk level distribution At Thomas, 20.0% of the experimental group was classified as low risk and 80.0% as medium/high risk (N=10). Value: 20.0 percent low risk Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Percentage of experimental group inappropriate including low risk If the 299 low risk offenders are added to the pool of inappropriate participants, over half of the Phase II experimental group (54%) can be considered inappropriate. Value: 54.0 percent Tags: policy,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Program groups without comparison groups: average group atmosphere Across program groups without comparison groups, 70.0% of groups (7 of 10) were rated as having a cohesive, participating group atmosphere, and 30.0% (3 of 10) were rated as agreeable with some participation. Value: 70.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Thomas experimental group prior parole revocation At Thomas, 70.0% of the experimental group had a prior parole revocation (N=10). Value: 70.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: parole,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Number of low risk offenders in experimental group There were 299 low risk offenders in the Phase II experimental group. Value: 299.0 offenders Tags: demographics,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group average age The average age of the experimental group at Savannah was 29.0 years (N=14). Value: 29.0 years Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Dahlonega parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 54.4% of participants (6 of 11) were still in the program at class 30, 45.5% (5) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 54.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group race distribution At Savannah, 7.1% of the experimental group was White and 92.9% was nonwhite (N=14). Value: 92.9 percent nonwhite Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Fitzgerald completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Fitzgerald parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 72.7% of participants (8 of 11) were still in the program at class 30, 9.1% (1) did not complete, and 18.2% (2) never began. Value: 72.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group substance abuse history At Savannah, 57.1% of the experimental group had a history of substance abuse (N=14). Value: 57.1 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Approximately 50 parole officers trained as cognitive coaches Beginning in 1997, Elizabeth Fabiano and Frank Porporino, authorities in cognitive skills programming, trained approximately 50 parole officers across the state of Georgia, with retrainings held as needed. Value: 50.0 parole officers Date: 1997-01-01 Tags: operations,staffing Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Columbus completion rate: still in at class 30 In the Columbus parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 75.0% of participants (6 of 8) were still in the program at class 30, 12.5% (1) did not complete, and 12.5% (1) never began. Value: 75.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group average IQ The average IQ of the experimental group at Savannah was 104.2 (N=14). Value: 104.2 IQ points Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Total districts and institutions administering R&R Since implementation began, a total of 30 parole districts and three correctional institutions administered R&R to offenders in Georgia. Value: 30.0 parole districts Tags: operations,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaGrange completion rate: still in at class 30 (without comparison groups) In the LaGrange parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 88.9% of participants (16 of 18) were still in the program at class 30, 5.6% (1) did not complete, and 5.6% (1) never began. Value: 88.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group reading level At Savannah, 21.4% of the experimental group read below 5th grade level and 78.6% read at 5th grade or above (N=14). Value: 21.4 percent below 5th grade reading Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jefferson completion rate: still in at class 30 (without comparison groups) In the Jefferson parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 90.9% of participants (10 of 11) were still in the program at class 30, 9.1% (1) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 90.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group prior incarceration mean The mean number of prior incarcerations for the Savannah experimental group was 1.2, with a median of 0.5 (N=14). Value: 1.2 prior incarcerations Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Lyons completion rate: still in at class 30 (without comparison groups) In the Lyons parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 86.4% of participants (19 of 22) were still in the program at class 30, 13.6% (3) did not complete, and none never began. Value: 86.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group prior felony convictions mean The mean number of prior felony convictions for the Savannah experimental group was 2.5, with a median of 2.0 (N=14). Value: 2.5 prior felony convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega parolees using skills at time 1 (without comparison groups) In the Dahlonega parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (8 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group prior violent convictions mean The mean number of prior violent convictions for the Savannah experimental group was 0.7, with a median of 0.0 (N=14). Value: 0.7 prior violent convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: violence,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Fitzgerald parolees using skills at time 1 (without comparison groups) In the Fitzgerald parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (9 of 9) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group prior property convictions mean The mean number of prior property convictions for the Savannah experimental group was 3.1, with a median of 0.0 (N=14). Value: 3.1 prior property convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Columbus parolees using skills at time 1 (without comparison groups) In the Columbus parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 0.0% of parolees (0 of 7) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 0.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group prior drug sale convictions mean The mean number of prior drug sale convictions for the Savannah experimental group was 0.9, with a median of 1.0 (N=14). Value: 0.9 prior drug sale convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaGrange parolees using skills at time 1 (without comparison groups) In the LaGrange parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (15 of 15) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group prior drug possession convictions mean The mean number of prior drug possession convictions for the Savannah experimental group was 1.6, with a median of 1.0 (N=14). Value: 1.6 prior drug possession convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jefferson parolees using skills at time 1 (without comparison groups) In the Jefferson parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 44.4% of parolees (4 of 9) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 44.4 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group prior sex crime convictions mean The mean number of prior sex crime convictions for the Savannah experimental group was 0.1, with a median of 0.0 (N=14). Value: 0.1 prior sex crime convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Lyons parolees using skills at time 1 (without comparison groups) In the Lyons parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 85.7% of parolees (18 of 21) were reported to be using skills at time 1. Value: 85.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group risk level distribution At Savannah, 50.0% of the experimental group was classified as low risk and 50.0% as medium/high risk (N=14). Value: 50.0 percent low risk Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega parolees using skills at time 3 (without comparison groups) In the Dahlonega parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (8 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Savannah experimental group prior parole revocation At Savannah, 35.7% of the experimental group had a prior parole revocation (N=14). Value: 35.7 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: parole,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Fitzgerald parolees using skills at time 3 (without comparison groups) In the Fitzgerald parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (8 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesup experimental group average age The average age of the experimental group at Jesup was 33.8 years (N=7). Value: 33.8 years Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Columbus parolees using skills at time 3 (without comparison groups) In the Columbus parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 75.0% of parolees (3 of 4) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 75.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesup experimental group race distribution At Jesup, 14.3% of the experimental group was White and 85.7% was nonwhite (N=7). Value: 85.7 percent nonwhite Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaGrange parolees using skills at time 3 (without comparison groups) In the LaGrange parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (11 of 11) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesup experimental group substance abuse history At Jesup, 42.9% of the experimental group had a history of substance abuse (N=7). Value: 42.9 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Lyons parolees using skills at time 3 (without comparison groups) In the Lyons parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 93.3% of parolees (14 of 15) were reported to be using skills at time 3. Value: 93.3 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesup experimental group average IQ The average IQ of the experimental group at Jesup was 95.0 (N=7). Value: 95.0 IQ points Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Dahlonega parolees using skills at time 5 (without comparison groups) In the Dahlonega parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (6 of 6) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesup experimental group reading level At Jesup, 57.1% of the experimental group read below 5th grade level and 42.9% read at 5th grade or above (N=7). Value: 57.1 percent below 5th grade reading Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Fitzgerald parolees using skills at time 5 (without comparison groups) In the Fitzgerald parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 87.5% of parolees (7 of 8) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 87.5 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesup experimental group prior incarceration mean The mean number of prior incarcerations for the Jesup experimental group was 1.4, with a median of 1.0 (N=7). Value: 1.4 prior incarcerations Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Columbus parolees using skills at time 5 (without comparison groups) In the Columbus parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (5 of 5) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesup experimental group prior felony convictions mean The mean number of prior felony convictions for the Jesup experimental group was 2.9, with a median of 3.0 (N=7). Value: 2.9 prior felony convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] LaGrange parolees using skills at time 5 (without comparison groups) In the LaGrange parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (13 of 13) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesup experimental group prior violent convictions mean The mean number of prior violent convictions for the Jesup experimental group was 1.3, with a median of 1.0 (N=7). Value: 1.3 prior violent convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: violence,demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jefferson parolees using skills at time 5 (without comparison groups) In the Jefferson parole district (program groups without comparison groups), 100.0% of parolees (10 of 10) were reported to be using skills at time 5. Value: 100.0 percent Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesup experimental group prior property convictions mean The mean number of prior property convictions for the Jesup experimental group was 1.6, with a median of 2.0 (N=7). Value: 1.6 prior property convictions Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,facilities Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two FINDINGS (74) ---------------------------------------- - [reported] No significant subgroup differences in participant evaluation scales Chi square and difference of means analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in participant evaluation scale scores (adherence to social learning methods, relevance of skills, group climate) across categories of sex, race, setting, risk level, personality type, or I-Level. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Unequal experimental and control group sizes 25 of the 52 sets of experimental and control groups in the study were not the same size. Ten of these were due to odd numbers of offenders in lists sent to the GBPP. Fifteen occasions had one group with two or more members than the other group, indicating possible problems with randomization procedures. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Only one statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups Comparisons of the experimental and control group on several areas of demographic, social, and criminal history characteristics yielded only one statistically significant difference, supporting the conclusion that randomization procedures were employed successfully. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Experimental group prior sex crime convictions despite exclusion criteria Despite screening criteria to exclude sex offenders, 18 participants (3.0%) had histories of sex crime convictions; thirteen had only one sex crime conviction, but others had up to 10. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Low-risk offenders included despite screening criteria Low risk offenders constitute half (50.8%) of the experimental group, despite screening criteria intended to exclude low-risk offenders. The report notes this is not surprising given that program screening was not aided by an actuarial risk assessment tool. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: policy,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Participants with IQs below 80 included despite screening criteria For 48 (8.2%) of the experimental group, IQs were low enough (below 80) to call into question the appropriateness of their inclusion in the study, despite screening criteria excluding those with IQs below 80. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: policy,operations,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Substance abuse screening adherence problematic Determining the extent of adherence to the substance abuse screening criteria is somewhat problematic because available measures reflect prior rather than current substance use and do not systematically address severity. OTIS data state that 403 (66.1%) members of the experimental group had drug possession and/or drug sale convictions. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: drugs,policy,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Randomization procedures confirmed successful Chi square and T-test analyses comparing the control and experimental groups on each background characteristic showed great similarity between the two groups, confirming the integrity of the experimental design. None of the observed differences were statistically significant. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Phase I risk effect finding Rather than finding a 'risk effect' where higher risk offenders reap significantly greater benefits from treatment than low risk offenders, the Phase I study found that low and medium/high risk participants performed equally better than their control group counterparts. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Program administered according to theoretical design The report concludes that the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program is exceptional in correctional programming history because it was rated high on adherence to modeling, reinforcement, practice, and interpersonal sensitivity, strongly suggesting that R&R was administered according to its underlying theoretical design. Most correctional programs are either not designed according to a strong theoretical model or are not administered according to their original design. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Negative participation assessments in Phase II Unlike Phase I results where no participants averaged negative assessments, a small portion of Phase II participants fell below neutral on average level of participation (not attentive and attentive, yet wavered; 6.4%), enjoyment (expressed strong dislike and expressed some dislike; 5.7%), and understanding (confused and resistant and questions the concepts; 4.1%). Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Recommended class size of four to six members Well-implemented R&R programs should have classes that are small, between four and six members. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Screening criteria for R&R program participation Well-implemented R&R programs should exclude participants who are intellectually limited, severely substance abusing, or sex offenders, and should target higher risk offenders. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Large classes impede coach management and participation Large classes can impede coaches' management of program sessions and discourage active class participation. Improvements in screening of offenders for inclusion into the program can have the added benefit of reducing the size of program groups. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Coaches reading from manual may indicate discomfort or unfamiliarity A substantial proportion of coaches were reported to be reading from the manual a good deal of the time (68.9% of participants indicated this), which may indicate some level of discomfort with their role or perhaps a lack of familiarity with the material. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Observer-rated program strengths Observers rated 'sensitivity to participant's feelings' (e.g., respect for participants and skill in identifying participants' feelings, beliefs, thoughts, or attitudes) and 'group participation' (e.g., engagement of most rather than some participants) as strengths of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program; there is substantial consistency in the presence of these qualities across program sites. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Areas with most room for improvement Areas of implementation that vary the most from program to program are 'general issues and class structure,' 'organization,' and 'delivery and response to participant's use of skills.' These three areas also were considered to have the most room for improvement. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Control group comparison on marital status Slightly more of the control group were single (experimental = 60.7%; control = 65.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Control group comparison on employment Slightly more of the control group were employed full time (experimental = 49.1%; control = 54.8%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Coaches should demonstrate empathy, prosocial conflict resolution, and assertiveness Because modeling is an essential component of the learning process, coaches must demonstrate empathy, prosocial conflict resolution, and assertiveness. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Control group comparison on education Slightly more of the control group had no high school education (experimental = 8.6%; control = 12.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: demographics,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] GBPP should consider attendance and completion requirements The Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles might benefit from the implementation of program attendance and completion requirements, given that program completion was found to be a key component of program success in Phase I. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy,parole Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Class sessions should incorporate behavioral processes Well-implemented R&R class sessions should incorporate behavioral processes including role modeling, role playing, graduated rehearsal, and reinforcement. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Coaches should evidence skill in controlling class sessions Well-implemented R&R programs require coaches who evidence skill in controlling the class sessions and possess strong interpersonal skills. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R program structure The Reasoning and Rehabilitation program is structured into 35 lessons that cover seven key components: problem-solving, creative thinking, social skills, management of emotions, negotiation skills, values enhancement, and critical reasoning. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R recommended class size Ross, Fabiano, and Ross (1989) specify that R&R classes should range in size from four to six members. Date: 1989-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II screening criteria Phase II study participants were selected based on the following criteria: high-risk for reoffending, IQ scores of at least 80, no history of sexual offending, and absence of substance abuse problems so severe as to interfere with their ability to attend or comprehend the Cognitive Skills program. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II minimum supervision time requirement Study participants were to have at least 16 months remaining under supervision to ensure adequate time to complete the four-month program and to be monitored for an additional 12 months thereafter. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Completion as predictor of criminal involvement Whether program participants complete the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program has shown in Phase I to be an important predictor of later criminal involvement (Van Voorhis et al., 2001). Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,reentry Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II program duration The Cognitive Skills Program is a four-month program. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Attrition not related to early skill application There are no statistically significant differences in the application of skills early on in the program for those who eventually dropped out compared to those who completed the program; participants who did not apply the skills early in the program did not self-select themselves out of the program. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I dropouts recidivated at highest rates Dropouts consistently recidivated at the highest rates across configurations of the study groups in Phase I. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,recidivism,program_evaluation Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I high-risk parolees elevated recidivism risk Across configurations of the study groups, high-risk parolees were at an elevated risk of recidivating in Phase I. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,recidivism,program_evaluation Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I high-risk differential benefit not supported Analysis did not support the hypothesis that high-risk class participants would benefit from the program more than low risk participants in Phase I. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,recidivism,program_evaluation Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I low risk parolees also benefit from R&R The Phase I outcome study revealed that low risk parolees also benefit from R&R. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,recidivism,program_evaluation Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I random assignment integrity confirmed Analysis confirmed the integrity of random assignment in Phase I of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Georgia Cognitive Skills Program is first statewide R&R for parolees The Georgia Cognitive Skills Program is the first known statewide effort to employ cognitive skills training with parolees. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II study period Phase II of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment ran from July 1998 to April 2000. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] R&R program implementation began in 1997 Implementation of R&R in Georgia began in 1997 with the training of parole officers to perform as cognitive coaches. Date: 1997-01-01 Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I conclusion date The first phase of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment concluded in July of 1998. Date: 1998-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I produced two reports The first phase of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment produced two reports: a process evaluation and an outcome evaluation. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I process evaluation content The Phase I process evaluation (Van Voorhis, Murphy, & Johnson, 1999) assessed components of program implementation and adherence to the experimental design, presenting a description of the population served, program completion figures, coaches' reports of participants' attendance, levels of understanding, enjoyment and participation, and application of skills, figures pertaining to the program's adherence to the experimental design, and cross district reports. Date: 1999-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Offenders not screened into program as carefully as possible Offenders were not screened into the Phase II program as carefully as they might have been. Tags: policy,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase I process evaluation recommendations Recommendations and concerns raised in the Phase I process evaluation report pertained to screening procedures, subject retention, and accuracy of recording data. Date: 1999-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Low risk offenders may not be detrimentally affected If the results from the Phase I outcome study hold for Phase II, the inclusion of low risk offenders may not be a detrimental oversight. Tags: policy,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II design improvements over Phase I Phase II of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment meets Palmer's (1991) standards by employing an experimental design; reproducing the Phase I analysis on a new sample of parolees; varying circumstances of the Phase I study by adding three institutional sites and including female offenders in the sample; identifying personality subgroups of the sample to examine differential treatment effects; and collecting a host of information on program implementation from multiple sources. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II includes female offenders Phase II varied circumstances of the Phase I study by including female offenders in the sample. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Program screening not aided by eligibility assessments With the exception of IQ, program screening was not aided by assessments pertaining to eligibility criteria. Especially with respect to offender risk, such assessments would greatly assist efforts to assure that the program was administered to appropriate individuals. Tags: policy,operations,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R program theoretical basis R&R provides training to modify offenders' impulsive, egocentric, illogical and rigid thinking patterns, sharing assumptions common to the larger field of cognitive-behavioral psychology. Date: 1985-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Randomization procedures implemented successfully Analyses reveal great similarity between the experimental and control groups, confirming the integrity of the experimental design. Only one statistically significant difference exists between the two groups. Tags: methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R program specific objectives Specific objectives of the R&R program include improving offenders' interpersonal problem-solving, consequential thinking, means-end reasoning, social perspective-taking, critical and abstract reasoning, and creative thinking. Date: 1985-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Group distributions nearly identical on background characteristics Group distributions were nearly identical (differences less than four percent) on background characteristics including age, race, social class, substance abuse, IQ, reading level, prior incarcerations, felony convictions, violent convictions, drug sale convictions, drug possession convictions, and sex crime convictions. Tags: methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R program activities R&R program activities include role-playing, thinking games, homework assignments, and group discussions. Date: 1985-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Nearly all program groups exceeded recommended class size Nearly all of the program groups created through the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program exceeded the recommended class size of four to six members. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R coaches handbook purpose The coaches' handbook (Ross, Fabiano, and Ross, 1989) attempts to foster consistency across program sites, providing detailed lesson plans and techniques for running the program sessions. Date: 1989-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Some program groups intentionally large in anticipation of dropout Some Phase II program groups were intentionally large in anticipation of individuals dropping out of the program. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R coach expectations Coaches are expected to possess the social and cognitive skills targeted through the program, providing models for the offenders to emulate, and are instructed to reinforce participants' demonstration of skills as well as their effort. Date: 1989-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy,staffing Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Coaches' perceptions of program largely positive Coaches' perceptions of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program were largely positive in terms of offenders' level of participation, enjoyment, and understanding. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R class atmosphere goal The curriculum and qualities possessed by coaches are designed to cultivate an informal yet structured group atmosphere, with the participants engaging in lively, debate-like dialogues. Date: 1989-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Coaches characterized groups as cohesive and agreeable Coaches tended to characterize the Phase II program groups as being cohesive and agreeable. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R exclusion of intellectually limited participants Because participation in the program entails such activities as thinking games and written homework assignments, individuals with extremely low IQ scores, and or limited reading abilities, are unlikely to benefit from R&R. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R exclusion of severe substance abusers The concern for the Georgia program is with individuals impaired by their addiction to the extent that they fail to attend treatment regularly and or cannot focus on the program; treatment for substance abusers may require program components such as detoxification that are not addressed in R&R. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy,drugs,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Observer-identified strengths of program Observers rated 'sensitivity to participant's feelings' and 'group participation' as strengths of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program, with substantial consistency in the presence of these qualities across program sites. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R exclusion of sex offenders The Georgia Cognitive Skills Program excludes sex offenders because sexual offending necessitates some offense-specific treatment content, and discussions of sexual offending behaviors are conducted more appropriately among other sex offenders. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Areas with most room for improvement Areas of implementation that varied the most from program to program were 'general issues and class structure,' 'organization,' and 'delivery and response to participant's use of skills.' These three areas also were considered to have the most room for improvement. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R behavioral process requirements The Georgia Cognitive Skills Program should incorporate behavioral processes including modeling, role playing, graduated rehearsal, and reinforcement in order for offenders to master the cognitive skills. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] R&R effectiveness for higher risk offenders Earlier studies of the R&R model found that higher risk offenders experienced the greatest gains from the treatment. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,recidivism Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Participant ratings of social learning methods and skill relevance higher than group climate Participants scored the scales 'adherence to social learning methods' and 'relevance of skills to participants' higher on average than the 'group climate' scale. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Cognitive treatment effectiveness for substance abusers Cognitive treatment often is effective for substance abusers (Prendergast, Anglin, & Wellisch, 1995). Date: 1995-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,drugs,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Participant characteristics not related to evaluation scores Attributes of the participants, such as risk level, race, personality type and I-level, were not related to participant evaluation scale scores. The setting of the program in either the community or an institution was unrelated to participant assessments as well. Tags: operations,policy,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Cognitive interventions for sex offenders Cognitive interventions have demonstrated a degree of effectiveness when the treatment groups are limited to sex offenders (Polizzi, MacKenzie, & Hickman, 1999). Date: 1999-01-01 Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Subgroups less likely to report coaches reading from manual Women, neurotics, situationals, and I-Level 4s were less likely to indicate that coaches read from the manual the majority of the class time. Tags: operations,demographics Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Program completion is key component of program success Whether program participants complete the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program has shown in Phase I to be an important predictor of later criminal involvement. Tags: operations,policy,reentry Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Coaches employ behavioral techniques frequently Participants' evaluation of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program suggests that coaches employ behavioral techniques including role modeling, role playing, graduated rehearsal, and reinforcement, and do so on a frequent basis. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two POLICYS (2) ---------------------------------------- - [confirmed] Recommended R&R class size Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R&R) courses are intended to be small, between four and six members, to facilitate coaches' management of program sessions and encourage active class participation (Ross, Fabiano, and Ross, 1989). Date: 1989-01-01 Tags: policy,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Georgia Cognitive Skills Program screening criteria The Georgia Cognitive Skills Program is to exclude offenders who a) are low risk, b) have sex crime histories, c) are afflicted by severe substance abuse, and d) have IQs below 80. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: policy,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two TRENDS (5) ---------------------------------------- - [confirmed] Phase II completion rates more varied than Phase I Compared to the completion rates for Phase I, Phase II rates are more widely varied across program groups and higher on average. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,trend Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Skill application increase over program The proportion of program participants reported to be using previously taught skills increased throughout the program from 71.0% at time 1 to 94.3% at time 5. The increased proportions in use of skills from time 1 to time 5 are not an artifact of attrition. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,mental_health,trend Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Improvement across all five implementation areas Improvements were noted in all five implementation areas from the first to second observations; the percent of program groups rated below the modal score at the second observation was lower than at the first observation on all five scales. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: operations,trend Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Application of skills increased as program progressed While the degree to which participants applied previously taught skills was somewhat low to begin with, application of skills increased as the program progressed. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Improvements noted in all five implementation areas Improvements were noted in all five implementation areas from the first to second observations; the percent of program groups rated as below the mode at the second observation was lower than at the first observation on all five scales. Tags: operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two METHODOLOGY NOTES (37) ---------------------------------------- - [confirmed] Risk measure correlation with OTIS score The modified Salient Factor Risk Score measure correlates strongly with the Georgia OTIS score among offenders with a risk score on record (gamma = .81, p Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Salient Factor Risk Score modifications The research team modified three of the seven variables in the Salient Factor Score: juvenile convictions were unavailable (OTIS contains only adult records), employment/school attendance data were unavailable, and the alcohol/drug addiction measure did not mirror the SFS heroin/opiate dependence dimension. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Observer evaluation scale reliability Reliability analysis indicates high levels of internal consistency for each observer evaluation scale (Chronbach's alpha > .80). Observation 1 took place during session 17; Observation 2 during session 30. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Participant evaluation scale reliability The Chronbach's alpha for each participant evaluation scale is greater than .75. Factor 1 (Adherence to social learning methods) alpha = .85; Factor 2 (Relevance of skills to participant) alpha = .82; Factor 3 (Group climate) alpha = .78. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Session evaluation data collection schedule Session evaluation data were collected at five different time periods (sessions 3, 9, 17, 22, and 30). Participation, enjoyment, understanding, and group atmosphere ratings were averaged across the five sessions. The use of previous skills measure is reported individually for sessions 3, 17, and 30. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Observer evaluation scale structure Observers critiqued program sessions using a three-point scale (0 = needs improvement, 1 = satisfactory, 2 = very satisfactory) on 45 items forming five scales: general issues and class structure; organization; delivery and response to participant's use of skills; sensitivity to participant's feelings; and group participation. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Participant evaluation instrument structure Program participants responded to 37 statements using a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree). Factor analysis identified three factors among twenty-one items: coaches' adherence to social learning methods, relevance of the skills to the participant, and group climate. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Coaches rating all participants identically Some coaches rated all class participants in the group the same, as evidenced by all offenders in a group having the same average scores on a session characteristic. While it is possible that all participants in a group performed similarly at a given time, doing so throughout the program is unlikely. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Conclusive interpretation requires linkage to outcomes A conclusive interpretation of the programmatic data is not entirely possible until they are linked to outcomes; the different levels of implementation must be examined in conjunction with follow-up data to determine precisely what scale scores translate into better program outcomes. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Program completion categorization Members of the experimental group are categorized as 1) never beginning the program, 2) beginning the program but not completing it, or 3) being in the program at the 30th class session (i.e., completed the program). Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Coaches not discriminating between evaluation dimensions In many instances coaches did not discriminate between items pertaining to understanding, enjoyment, and participation, rating participants the same on each of the dimensions. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Participant evaluation scales derived from 21 of 37 items Participants rated the program on 37 items using a 1-5 scale. Three scales derived from 21 of the items depict participants' experiences in coaches' adherence to social learning methods, relevance of skills, and group climate. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Single items less reliable than scales The statistics for the single items (such as 'coaches read from manual') are less reliable than the scales because they are more prone to random error. When individual items are combined to create a scale, the error tends to average out, making the scale more reliable (McIver and Carmines, 1981). Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Jesness Inventory I-level classification system The Jesness Inventory places offenders into one of three levels of interpersonal maturity: I-level 2 through I-level 4. I-level assesses how individuals perceive the world, particularly in terms of emotions and motivations. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Women participated primarily in institutional setting Women participated in the program primarily in an institutional setting. For this reason, comparisons across sexes are limited to male participants in institutional settings. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Jesness Inventory personality types The JI contains 11 empirically-derived personality scales and nine subtype scales that can be collapsed into four personality types: aggressives, neurotics, dependents, and situationals. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Participant evaluation variation will allow treatment effect analysis The variation in scale and item scores will allow for the examination of whether participants who rated the program more favorably reap the greatest benefits. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Observer rating scale distribution The ratings available to the observers included 0 = needs improvement, 1 = satisfactory, and 2 = very satisfactory. Between 43.5% and 91.1% of the program groups received the highest possible ratings. The rating of 2 is the modal, or most frequent score, suggesting that the 'very satisfactory' category was the standard rather than the exceptional case. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II more descriptive of program quality than Phase I The Phase II process evaluation is considerably more descriptive of program quality compared to Phase I. In addition to describing study participants by their background and historical characteristics, Phase II considers participants' psychological attributes that are likely to impact responsiveness to treatment. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Observer bias in scoring Chi square analysis comparing the proportion of groups that received perfect scores and were evaluated by one particular observer to those groups that received perfect scores and were evaluated by the combined group of all other observers yields statistically significant differences. Program groups evaluated by one particular observer were statistically more likely to receive very high scores. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Unequally sized experimental and control groups at some sites The randomization procedures were employed successfully, with a caveat pertaining to some sites having unequally sized experimental and control groups. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,operations,policy Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Outcome evaluation sensitivity analysis planned In the outcome evaluation report, analyses will be run both with and without the 15 sites with unequal experimental and control groups to determine if they affect the results. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Higher ratio assignment to experimental group The need for sufficient experimental group size caused staff to assign offenders to groups according to a higher ratio than fifty percent. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II data collection methods Staff of the GBPP collected data for the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment by extracting data from Georgia's offender information tracking system (OTIS), administering questionnaires to the program participants, and recording observations of the program via session evaluation and observer evaluation forms. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Jesness Inventory scoring rules Scoring rules were created at the University of Cincinnati where staff would assign a response to items under specific conditions: inventories would remain unscored if four or more of the 155 items were not marked sufficiently; if multiple problematic items tapped into a single dimension, the inventory would remain unscored; for those not excluded, responses to the problematic items were selected that favored the more prosocial of the two possible options. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II session evaluation form collection GBPP staff sent to the University of Cincinnati session evaluation forms from five sessions (the same sessions for each group), spanning the full cognitive skills course and representing five of the sections taught in the course (problem-solving, creative thinking, social skills, values enhancement, and critical reasoning). Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II observer evaluation sessions At two points during the delivery of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program for each program group (sessions 17 and 30), observers attended class sessions to assess the effectiveness of the coaches. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II IQ assessment instrument The Culture Fair Intelligence Test (Cattell & Cattell, 1973) was used to assess study participants' IQ. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II reading level assessment instrument Reading level was assessed using the Wide-Range Achievement Test. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II psychological classification levels Psychological classification of offenders into three levels of interpersonal maturity and four personality types was achieved using the Jesness Inventory. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II participant evaluation form content Items on the participant evaluation form tapped into the participants' perceptions of the coaches' teaching methods, the relevance of the class material to their own lives, and the climate of the class. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II session evaluation form content At the end of each class session, coaches completed a 'session evaluation form' for the group of participants that rates each parolee's level of participation, level of enjoyment, level of understanding, and use of skills taught in earlier sessions, and also evaluates the group atmosphere for that day. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II observer evaluation content Coaches' skills under examination in observer evaluations include class structure issues, organization of the class session, coaches' delivery and response to participant's use of skills, sensitivity to participants' feelings, and group participation. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II random assignment procedure After identifying offenders eligible for the study, parole and corrections officers sent the lists of study participants to the evaluation unit in Atlanta for random assignment to either the experimental or the comparison group. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II participant background data sources Information obtained during offenders' prison intake and diagnostic interviews, and subsequently entered into OTIS, provided background measures of social and demographic characteristics. OTIS also furnished data pertaining to the criminal histories of offenders (e.g., prior incarcerations, prior felonies and prior violent offenses). Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II Jesness Inventory administration timing GBPP staff administered the 155-item true/false inventories to the experimental and control groups at the beginning of the Cognitive Skills Program. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [reported] Phase II Jesness Inventory scoring software Staff at the University of Cincinnati scored the inventories using The Jesness Inventory Computer Program Windows Version (1996) software. Tags: cognitive_skills,parole,program_evaluation,methodology,mental_health Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two DATA GAPS (6) ---------------------------------------- - [confirmed] OTIS risk measure missing data The measure of risk available through OTIS contains a large amount of missing data (29.7%). Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology,operations Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Lack of inter-rater reliability checks Although all of the coaches received training on how to evaluate the participants, checks were not in place to ensure inter-rater reliability or consistency over time. The extent to which coaches across districts rated participants similarly is unknown. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Missing observer evaluations Six program groups (11.5%) were not observed at session 17, and seven (13.5%) were not observed at session 30. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] No inter-observer reliability measures There are no measures of inter-observer reliability in the observer evaluation data. It is possible that the variation in scores reflects differences in how observers assessed the groups. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] No normed cutoff points for observer instrument The instrument used for the evaluation of the program sessions has not been normed, and hence established cutoff points indicating the level of proficiency required to translate into more effective program outcomes have not been determined. Date: 2001-01-01 Tags: methodology_note,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two - [confirmed] Data gap in assessing substance abuse currency and severity Available data do not afford a way of assessing the currency or severity of substance abuse among Phase II participants. Substantial portions of the offenders showed prior histories of drug and alcohol-related offenses, but the extent of the offenders' drug and alcohol usage is unknown. Tags: drugs,mental_health,data_gap Sources: The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: Process Evaluation, Phase Two DATASETS (37) ---------------------------------------- # Phase II experimental group background characteristics Social and demographic characteristics of the Phase II experimental group collected at prison intake, including sex, age, race, standard of living, employment, education, reading level, IQ, marital status, and substance abuse history. Characteristic Value ----------------------------------------------- Male 91.3 Age 18-35 69 Nonwhite 68.5 Maintaining minimum standard of living 79.8 Not employed full time at arrest 50.9 Did not complete high school 65.4 Below fifth grade reading level 26.4 IQ below 80 8.2 Single 60.8 History of substance abuse 56.8 # Phase II study participant distribution across districts and study groups Distribution of Phase II study participants across parole districts and institutions, showing experimental and control group sizes for each program group, plus non-comparison group participants. Location Group Experimental_N Experimental_Percent Control_N Control_Percent Total_N Total_Percent No_Comparison_Group_N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Marietta Group 1 20 52.6 18 47.4 38 100 Marietta Group 2 11 35.5 20 64.5 31 100 Marietta Group 3 28 50.9 27 49.1 55 100 Cairo Group 1 8 50 8 50 16 100 Clarkesville Group 1 11 Dahlonega Group 1 11 Dahlonega Group 2 12 52.2 11 47.8 23 100 Milledgeville Group 1 10 50 10 50 20 100 Milledgeville Group 2 10 50 10 50 20 100 Thomas Group 1 10 50 10 50 20 100 Savannah Group 1 14 53.8 12 46.2 26 100 Jesup Group 1 7 58.3 5 41.7 12 100 Waycross Group 1 10 50 10 50 20 100 Waycross Group 2 7 46.7 8 53.3 15 100 Fitzgerald Group 1 8 Columbus Group 1 11 Columbus Group 2 16 50 16 50 32 100 Jonesboro Group 1 9 40.9 13 59.1 22 100 Jonesboro Group 2 9 50 9 50 18 100 Lawrenceville Group 1 9 50 9 50 18 100 Lawrenceville Group 2 7 50 7 50 14 100 Augusta Group 1 12 50 12 50 24 100 Augusta Group 2 12 50 12 50 24 100 Augusta Group 3 12 52.2 11 47.8 23 100 Brunswick Group 1 10 50 10 50 20 100 Brunswick Group 2 9 50 9 50 18 100 Brunswick Group 3 10 50 10 50 20 100 North Fulton Group 1 14 51.9 13 48.1 27 100 North Fulton Group 2 9 42.9 12 57.1 21 100 North Fulton Group 3 16 50 16 50 32 100 North Fulton Group 4 23 47.9 25 52.1 48 100 LaGrange Group 1 8 LaGrange Group 2 9 LaGrange Group 3 12 60 8 40 20 100 Griffin Group 1 12 50 12 50 24 100 LaFayette Group 1 6 50 6 50 12 100 LaFayette Group 2 7 53.8 6 64.2 13 100 Jefferson Group 1 9 Jefferson Group 2 12 50 12 50 24 100 South Dekalb Group 1 16 51.6 15 47.4 31 100 South Dekalb Group 2 22 50 22 50 44 100 Lyons Group 1 9 Lyons Group 2 9 Lyons Group 3 9 50 9 50 18 100 Statesboro Group 1 10 52.6 9 47.4 19 100 Statesboro Group 2 9 50 9 50 18 100 Statesboro Group 3 8 50 8 50 16 100 South Metro Group 1 9 50 9 50 18 100 South Metro Group 2 12 46.2 14 53.8 26 100 South Richmond Group 1 10 45.5 12 54.5 22 100 South Richmond Group 2 9 50 9 50 18 100 Carrollton Group 1 12 Douglas Group 1 10 Hartwell Group 1 9 90 1 10 10 100 Hartwell Group 2 9 81.8 2 18.2 11 100 Coastal St. Prison Group 1 12 52.2 11 47.8 23 100 Whitworth Det. Cent. Group 1 10 52.6 9 47.4 19 100 Whitworth Det. Cent. Group 2 10 83.3 2 16.7 12 100 Whitworth Det. Cent. Group 3 10 50 10 50 20 100 Whitworth Det. Cent. Group 4 10 50 10 50 20 100 Metro St. Prison Group 1 8 50 8 50 16 100 Metro St. Prison Group 2 17 53.1 15 46.9 32 100 Metro St. Prison Group 3 27 54 23 46 50 100 Total 609 51 584 49 1193 100 98 # Experimental group background social and demographic characteristics Distribution of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program Phase II experimental group (N=597) across age, race, sex, employment status, social class, education, marital status, substance abuse history, IQ, and reading level, collected at prison intake. Characteristic N Percent -------------------------------------------------------- Age 18-25 162 27.1 Age 26-36 250 41.9 Age 36-50 162 27.1 Age 50+ 23 3.9 Race White 188 31.5 Race Nonwhite 409 68.5 Sex Male 545 91.3 Sex Female 52 8.7 Employed full time 289 49.1 Employed part time 59 10 Unemployed < 6 mo. 91 15.4 Unemployed 6+ mo. 97 16.5 Never worked but capable 20 3.4 Student 3 0.5 Incapable of work 14 2.4 Other employment 16 2.7 Social class Welfare 53 9.1 Social class Occasionally employed 65 11.1 Social class Minimum standard 231 39.6 Social class Middle class 235 40.2 Education Less than high school 51 8.6 Education Some high school 336 56.8 Education High school 133 22.5 Education At least some technical school 19 3.2 Education At least some college 53 9 Marital Single 360 60.8 Marital Married 63 10.6 Marital Separated 34 5.7 Marital Divorced 63 10.6 Marital Widowed 7 1.2 Marital Common law 65 11 Substance abuse history Yes 339 56.8 Substance abuse history No 258 43.2 IQ 50-80 48 8.2 IQ 81-99 202 34.5 IQ 100-115 253 43.2 IQ 116-139 83 14.2 Reading Below 5th grade 154 26.4 Reading 5th grade or above 430 73.6 # Class sizes and completion figures for program groups Table 9 data showing the number of offenders who never began, did not complete, and were still in at session 30 for each program group across Georgia districts (Marietta, Clarkesville, Dahlonega, Milledgeville, Thomas, Savannah, Jesup, Waycross, Fitzgerald, Columbus, Jonesboro, Lawrenceville, Augusta, Brunswick, Cairo, North Fulton, LaGrange, Griffin, LaFayette, Jefferson, South Dekalb, Lyons, Statesboro, South Metro, South Richmond, Carrollton, Douglas, Hartwell, Coastal St. Prison, Whitworth Detention Center, Metro St. Prison). District Group Never began Did not complete Still in at session 30 Total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Marietta Group 1 0 7 13 20 Marietta Group 2 0 6 5 11 Marietta Group 3 5 3 20 28 Clarkesville Group 1 0 4 4 8 Dahlonega Group 1* 0 5 6 11 Dahlonega Group 2 3 2 7 12 Milledgeville Group 1 3 3 4 10 Milledgeville Group 2 0 3 7 10 Thomas Group 1 7 3 4 14 Savannah Group 1 2 3 2 7 Jesup Group 1 0 3 7 10 Waycross Group 1 1 4 5 10 Waycross Group 1 (second) 0 4 3 7 Fitzgerald Group 1* 2 1 8 11 Columbus Group 1* 1 1 6 8 Columbus Group 2 5 5 6 16 Jonesboro Group 1 0 1 8 9 Jonesboro Group 2 0 4 5 9 Lawrenceville Group 1 3 1 5 9 Lawrenceville Group 2 7 1 4 12 Augusta Group 1 0 1 11 12 Augusta Group 2 3 1 8 12 Augusta Group 3 0 6 4 10 Brunswick Group 1 0 1 6 7 Brunswick Group 2 0 2 7 9 Brunswick Group 3 0 3 7 10 Cairo Group 1 5 1 8 14 North Fulton Group 1 0 1 8 9 North Fulton Group 2 0 3 13 16 North Fulton Group 3 10 1 12 23 LaGrange Group 1* 0 0 9 9 LaGrange Group 2* 1 1 7 9 LaGrange Group 3 0 3 9 12 Griffin Group 1 0 2 10 12 LaFayette Group 1 0 0 6 6 LaFayette Group 2 1 2 4 7 Jefferson Group 1* 0 1 10 11 Jefferson Group 2 2 2 8 12 South Dekalb Group 1 4 4 8 16 South Dekalb Group 2 9 7 6 22 Lyons Group 1* 0 3 9 12 Lyons Group 2* 0 0 10 10 Lyons Group 3 0 4 5 9 Statesboro Group 1 4 1 5 10 Statesboro Group 2 0 4 5 9 Statesboro Group 3 1 2 5 8 South Metro Group 1 0 3 6 9 South Metro Group 2 0 4 8 12 South Richmond Group 1 3 2 5 10 South Richmond Group 2 0 2 6 8 Carrollton Group 1* 0 2 7 9 Douglas Group 1* 0 0 9 9 Hartwell Group 1 0 2 7 9 Hartwell Group 2 0 2 7 9 Coastal St. Prison Group 1 0 1 11 12 Whitworth Detention Center Group 1 0 1 9 10 Whitworth Detention Center Group 2 0 1 9 10 Whitworth Detention Center Group 3 0 0 10 10 Metro St. Prison Group 1 0 5 3 8 Metro St. Prison Group 2 2 10 5 17 Metro St. Prison Group 3 0 8 19 27 Metro St. Prison Group 4 0 0 10 10 # Participant Evaluation Scale Descriptives Descriptive statistics for three participant evaluation scales and two single items from the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program Phase II process evaluation. Scales rated on 1-5 scale where higher scores reflect more positive responses and 3 is neutral. Construct Range Mean SD Percent above neutral N --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adherence to social learning methods 2.6-5.0 4.3 0.5 98.7 315 Relevance of skills to participant 1.0-5.0 4.2 0.5 97.2 327 Group climate 2.0-5.0 3.9 0.6 90 320 Coaches read from program manual majority of class time 1.0-5.0 2.6 1.1 31.1 325 Monthly meetings with supervising parole officer 0-4 1.9 1 301 # Experimental group average age by district Average age of the experimental group across Georgia prison districts, collected at prison intake. District Average Age N --------------------------------------------- Marietta 29.5 55 Clarkesville 36.9 7 Dahlonega 29.4 12 Milledgeville 32.5 20 Thomas 29 10 Savannah 29 14 Jesup 33.8 7 Waycross 35.2 17 Columbus 34.5 16 Jonesboro 28 18 Lawrenceville 35 15 Augusta 29.6 35 Brunswick 29.2 29 Cairo 31.2 14 North Fulton 35.6 46 LaGrange 28.2 12 Griffin 36.9 12 LaFayette 30.5 13 Jefferson 31.1 12 South Metro 34.9 38 South Richmond 32.5 9 South Dekalb 28.8 27 Lyons 31.6 20 Statesboro 29.1 19 Hartwell 37.5 16 Coastal State Prison 32.3 12 Whitworth Detention Center 31.9 40 Metro State Prison 34.4 52 # Class session characteristics by district (with comparison groups) Appendix K data showing completion status, average level of participation, enjoyment, understanding, skills use at times 1/3/5, and group atmosphere for program groups with comparison groups across Georgia parole districts and facilities. District/Facility Never began (N) Did not complete (N) Still in at class 30 (N) Total (N) Using skills at time 1 (N) Using skills at time 3 (N) Using skills at time 5 (N) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Brunswick 0 11 18 29 19 19 17 North Fulton 5 1 8 14 9 8 8 Cairo 10 5 33 48 19 28 21 Griffin 0 3 9 12 12 12 9 LaGrange 0 2 10 12 12 12 9 LaFayette 1 2 10 13 9 9 9 Jefferson 2 2 8 12 4 4 8 South Dekalb 13 11 14 38 0 10 10 Lyons 0 4 5 9 7 8 4 Statesboro 5 7 15 27 13 14 13 South Metro 0 7 14 21 13 12 10 South Richmond 3 4 12 19 5 9 6 Hartwell 0 2 16 18 18 14 12 Coastal St. Prison 0 1 11 12 7 8 10 Whitworth Detention Center 0 2 38 40 11 36 38 Metro St. Prison 2 23 27 52 18 22 17 # Phase II experimental group criminal background characteristics Criminal history characteristics of the Phase II experimental group, including risk classification, prior incarceration, parole revocations, felony convictions, and conviction types. Characteristic Value ----------------------------------------------- Classified medium/high risk 49.2 Multiple prior incarcerations 58.1 Prior parole revocations 44.1 Three or more prior felony convictions 48 Prior property crime convictions 72.4 Prior drug possession convictions 62 Prior violent convictions 43.9 Prior drug sale convictions 42 Sex crime conviction history 3 # Experimental group criminal background characteristics Distribution of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Program Phase II experimental group (N=597) across risk level, prior incarcerations, prior parole revocations, prior felony convictions, prior violent convictions, prior drug sale convictions, prior property convictions, prior drug possession convictions, and prior sex crime convictions. Characteristic N Percent -------------------------------------------------------------- Risk Low 299 50.8 Risk Medium/High 290 49.2 Prior incarcerations None 250 41.9 Prior incarcerations One 161 27 Prior incarcerations Two 86 14.4 Prior incarcerations Three 43 7.2 Prior incarcerations Four 34 5.7 Prior incarcerations Five or more 23 3.9 Prior parole revocation No 334 55.9 Prior parole revocation Yes 263 44.1 Prior felony convictions None 1 0.2 Prior felony convictions One 148 24.8 Prior felony convictions Two 161 27 Prior felony convictions Three 111 18.6 Prior felony convictions Four 71 11.9 Prior felony convictions Five or more 105 17.6 Prior violent convictions None 335 56.1 Prior violent convictions One 97 16.2 Prior violent convictions Two 60 10.1 Prior violent convictions Three 34 5.7 Prior violent convictions Four 23 3.9 Prior violent convictions Five or more 48 8 Prior drug sale convictions None 346 58 Prior drug sale convictions One 140 23.5 Prior drug sale convictions Two or more 111 18.6 Prior property convictions None 165 27.6 Prior property convictions One 83 13.9 Prior property convictions Two 77 12.9 Prior property convictions Three 36 6 Prior property convictions Four 28 4.7 Prior property convictions Five 27 4.5 Prior property convictions Six 24 4 Prior property convictions Seven 18 3 Prior property convictions Eight or more 139 23.3 Prior drug possession convictions None 227 38 Prior drug possession convictions One 95 15.9 Prior drug possession convictions Two 80 13.4 Prior drug possession convictions Three 57 9.5 Prior drug possession convictions Four 46 7.7 Prior drug possession convictions Five or more 92 15.4 Prior sex crime convictions None 579 97 Prior sex crime convictions One 13 2.2 Prior sex crime convictions Two or more 5 0.8 # Observer evaluation scale scores at sessions 17 and 30 Table 11 data showing observer evaluation scale ranges, medians, and percent of program groups rated below the modal score for five implementation dimensions at two observation points (session 17 and session 30). Scale Observation Range Median Percent rated below modal score N ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- General issues and class structure Observation 1 (session 17) 0.7-2.0 2 41.3 46 Organization Observation 1 (session 17) 0.8-2.0 1.9 56.5 46 Delivery and response to participant's use of skills Observation 1 (session 17) 0.8-2.0 2 41.3 46 Sensitivity to participants' feelings Observation 1 (session 17) 1.0-2.0 2 21.7 46 Group participation Observation 1 (session 17) 0.5-2.0 2 19.6 46 General issues and class structure Observation 2 (session 30) 0.2-2.0 2 22.2 45 Organization Observation 2 (session 30) 1.0-2.0 2 17.8 45 Delivery and response to participant's use of skills Observation 2 (session 30) 1.0-2.0 2 17.8 45 Sensitivity to participants' feelings Observation 2 (session 30) 1.0-2.0 2 8.9 45 Group participation Observation 2 (session 30) 1.0-2.0 2 17.8 45 # Participant Evaluation Results by Sex Participant evaluation scale scores and manual reading item by sex (male and female), showing percentages above/below neutral and mean scores. Construct Male N Male Percent above neutral Male Mean Female N Female Percent above neutral Female Mean ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adherence to social learning methods 46 97.8 4.3 102 99 4.2 Relevance of skills to participants 46 93.5 4.2 106 96.2 4.2 Group climate 46 87 3.9 106 88.3 3.8 Coaches read from manual majority of class (above neutral) 26 19.6 2.5 106 64 3.4 # Experimental group average IQ by district Average IQ of the experimental group across Georgia prison districts, collected at prison intake. District Average IQ N -------------------------------------------- Marietta 105.3 55 Clarkesville 106.6 7 Dahlonega 105.5 11 Milledgeville 98.5 20 Thomas 98.7 10 Savannah 104.2 14 Jesup 95 7 Waycross 103.2 17 Columbus 99.3 16 Jonesboro 110.1 16 Lawrenceville 106.3 15 Augusta 101.3 34 Brunswick 99.2 27 Cairo 96.5 14 North Fulton 98.4 42 LaGrange 93.5 12 Griffin 100.7 12 LaFayette 110.2 11 Jefferson 97.9 12 South Metro 101.5 38 South Richmond 99 9 South Dekalb 101.8 27 Lyons 105.5 18 Statesboro 102 19 Hartwell 100.8 16 Coastal State Prison 101.4 12 Whitworth Detention Center 104.3 40 Metro State Prison 89 40 # Class session characteristics of program groups without comparison groups Appendix L aggregate data showing completion status, participation, enjoyment, understanding, skills use, and group atmosphere for all program groups without comparison groups. Characteristic N Percent ------------------------------------------- Never began 4 4.1 Did not complete 16 16.3 Still in at class 30 78 79.6 Total completion 98 100 Using skills at time 1 - Yes 65 80.2 Using skills at time 3 - Yes 52 86.7 Using skills at time 5 - Yes 67 94.4 # Phase II experimental group Jesness Inventory personality types Distribution of I-Level classifications and collapsed Jesness Inventory personality types within the Phase II experimental group. Classification Percentage ---------------------------- I-Level 2 4.9 I-Level 3 55.2 I-Level 4 40 Aggressives 32.2 Dependents 27.9 Situationals 22.4 Neurotics 17.5 # Comparison of experimental and control groups on background characteristics Side-by-side comparison of the experimental (N=597) and control (N=574) groups across age, race, sex, employment status, social class, and education, collected at prison intake, demonstrating randomization integrity. Characteristic Experimental N Experimental Percent Control N Control Percent ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Age 18-25 162 27.1 143 24.9 Age 26-36 250 41.9 259 45.1 Age 36-50 162 27.1 153 26.7 Age 50+ 23 3.9 19 3.3 Race White 188 31.5 172 30 Race Nonwhite 409 68.5 402 70 Sex Male 545 91.3 528 92 Sex Female 52 8.7 46 8 Employed full time 289 49.1 308 54.8 Employed part time 59 10 52 9.3 Unemployed < 6 mo. 91 15.4 65 11.6 Unemployed 6+ mo. 97 16.5 88 15.7 Never worked but capable 20 3.4 18 3.2 Student 3 0.5 1 0.2 Incapable of work 14 2.4 11 2 Other employment 16 2.7 19 3.4 Social class Welfare 53 9 46 8.3 Social class Occasionally employed 65 11.1 49 8.8 Social class Minimum standard 231 39.4 229 41.3 Social class Middle class 235 40 226 40.7 Social class Other 3 0.5 5 0.9 Education Less than high school 51 8.6 70 12.2 Education Some high school 336 56.7 311 54.3 Education High school 133 22.4 139 24.3 Education At least some technical school 19 3.2 14 2.4 Education At least some college 53 8.9 39 6.8 Education Other 1 0.2 0 0 # Class session characteristics of the experimental group Table 10 data showing completion status, average levels of participation, enjoyment, understanding, skill application at times 1, 3, and 5, and group atmosphere ratings for the experimental group. Characteristic N Percent ------------------------------------------------------ Never began 80 13.1 Did not complete 147 24.1 Still in at class 30 382 62.7 Not attentive 4 0.8 Attentive, yet wavered 27 5.6 Generally attentive 88 18.1 Attentive, responsive 192 39.5 Attentive, volunteers 175 36 Expressed strong dislike 3 0.6 Expressed some dislike 25 5.1 Non-committal 116 23.9 Expressed some enjoyment 202 41.6 Expressed strong enjoyment 140 28.8 Confused and resistant 3 0.6 Questions the concepts 17 3.5 Understands, cannot apply 93 19.1 Understands, cannot offer examples 205 42.2 Understands, can offer examples 168 34.6 Using skills at time 1 - No 113 29 Using skills at time 1 - Yes 276 71 Using skills at time 3 - No 26 7.3 Using skills at time 3 - Yes 328 92.7 Using skills at time 5 - No 18 5.7 Using skills at time 5 - Yes 296 94.3 Divisive, quiet 0 0 Some disagreement, not listening 0 0 Listening, little active participation 6 11.8 Agreeable, some participation 14 27.5 Cohesive, participating 31 60.8 # Participant Evaluation Results by Race Participant evaluation scale scores and manual reading item by race (white and nonwhite). Construct White N White Percent above neutral White Mean Nonwhite N Nonwhite Percent above neutral Nonwhite Mean ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adherence to social learning methods 244 97.7 4.3 71 95.8 4.2 Relevance of skills to participants 248 90.7 4.2 72 94.4 4.2 Group climate 254 70.1 3.9 72 70.1 3.9 Coaches read from manual majority of class (above neutral) 255 30 2.6 72 29.9 2.6 # Experimental group prior incarceration mean and median by district Mean and median number of prior incarcerations for the experimental group across Georgia prison districts. District Mean Median ----------------------------- Marietta 0.5 0 Clarkesville 1.1 0 Dahlonega 0.8 0 Milledgeville 1.7 1 Thomas 1.5 1 Savannah 1.2 0.5 Jesup 1.4 1 Waycross 2.3 1 Columbus 2.1 1.5 Jonesboro 0.9 0.5 Lawrenceville 0.9 1 Augusta 1 1 # Class session characteristics of program groups without comparison groups by district Appendix M data showing completion status, participation, enjoyment, understanding, skills use, and group atmosphere for program groups without comparison groups across eight Georgia parole districts. District Never began (N) Did not complete (N) Still in at class 30 (N) Total (N) Using skills at time 1 (N) Using skills at time 3 (N) Using skills at time 5 (N) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dahlonega 0 5 6 11 8 8 6 Fitzgerald 2 1 8 11 9 8 7 Columbus 1 1 6 8 0 3 5 LaGrange 1 1 16 18 15 11 13 Jefferson 0 1 10 11 4 0 10 Lyons 0 3 19 22 18 14 17 Carrollton 0 2 6 8 5 0 2 Douglas 0 2 7 9 6 8 7 # Phase II class size and completion figures Class size statistics and program completion rates for Phase II program groups. Metric Value --------------------------------------------------------- Minimum class size at start 6 Maximum class size at start 28 Mean class size at start 12 Median class size at start 10 Minimum class size at session 30 2 Maximum class size at session 30 20 Classes exceeding recommended size at start 76.9 Classes exceeding recommended size at session 30 40.4 Did not start program 13.1 Dropped out by session 30 24.1 Total completion rate 62.7 Phase I completion rate 59.6 Mean completion rate among starters 72 Median completion rate among starters 73.2 Minimum completion rate across groups 33 Maximum completion rate across groups 100 # Participant Evaluation Results by Setting Participant evaluation scale scores and manual reading item by setting (parole district and institution). Construct Parole District N Parole District Percent above neutral Parole District Mean Institution N Institution Percent above neutral Institution Mean ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adherence to social learning methods 213 99.6 4.3 106 98.6 4.2 Relevance of skills to participants 213 95.8 4.2 106 98.1 4.2 Group climate 213 70 3.8 106 70 3.9 Coaches read from manual majority of class (above neutral) 215 33 2.6 106 35.2 2.8 # Experimental group prior felony convictions mean and median by district Mean and median number of prior felony convictions for the experimental group across Georgia prison districts. District Mean Median ----------------------------- Marietta 2.6 2 Clarkesville 4.1 3 Dahlonega 3 2 Milledgeville 3.3 2.5 Thomas 1.8 2 Savannah 2.5 2 Jesup 2.9 3 Waycross 3.8 4 Columbus 3.2 3.5 Jonesboro 2.7 2 Lawrenceville 3.5 3 Augusta 2.7 3 # Observer evaluation scales for program groups without comparison groups Appendix N data showing observer evaluation scale ranges, medians, percent rated as substandard, and N for observation 1 (session 17) and observation 2 (session 30). Scale Observation Range Median Percent rated as substandard N ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- General issues and class control 1 0.90-2.0 1.7 75 8 Organization 1 1.67-2.0 1.9 75 8 Delivery and response to participant's use of skills 1 1.25-2.0 1.8 75 8 Sensitivity to participants' feelings 1 1.71-2.0 2 37.5 8 Group participation 1 0.5-2.0 2 37.5 8 General issues and class control 2 0.0-2.0 1.9 50 10 Organization 2 0.2-2.0 2 30 10 Delivery and response to participant's use of skills 2 0.0-2.0 1.9 70 10 Sensitivity to participants' feelings 2 0.0-2.0 2 40 10 Group participation 2 0.0-2.0 2 20 10 # Phase II observer evaluation results Observer evaluation results for class structure and coach interpersonal skills at sessions 17 and 30. Metric Session 17 Session 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class structure rated less than satisfactory 41.3 22.2 Coaches meeting interpersonal skills expectations 78.3 91.1 # Participant Evaluation Results by Risk Level Participant evaluation scale scores and manual reading item by risk level (low risk and medium/high risk). Construct Low Risk N Low Risk Percent above neutral Low Risk Mean Medium/High Risk N Medium/High Risk Percent above neutral Medium/High Risk Mean ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adherence to social learning methods 164 99.4 4.3 140 98.2 4.3 Relevance of skills to participants 170 98.2 4.2 145 91.5 4.2 Group climate 164 85.5 3.9 145 64.7 3.9 Coaches read from manual majority of class (above neutral) 164 35.3 2.8 145 26.6 2.5 # Experimental group prior violent convictions mean and median by district Mean and median number of prior violent convictions for the experimental group across Georgia prison districts. District Mean Median ----------------------------- Marietta 0.8 0 Clarkesville 1.9 0 Dahlonega 1 0 Milledgeville 1.7 0.5 Thomas 1.3 0 Savannah 0.7 0 Jesup 1.3 1 Waycross 1.5 1 Columbus 1.6 0.5 Jonesboro 1.7 1 Lawrenceville 0.5 0 Augusta 0.5 0 # Participant evaluation responses by district (with comparison groups) Appendix O data showing participant evaluation responses for adherence to social learning methods, relevance of skills, and group climate across Georgia parole districts and facilities. District/Facility Scale Below average (N) Average (N) Above average (N) Total (N) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marietta Adherence to social learning methods 1 24 6 31 Marietta Relevance of skills 2 28 1 31 Marietta Group climate 2 24 4 30 Clarkesville Adherence to social learning methods 0 4 0 4 Clarkesville Relevance of skills 1 3 0 4 Clarkesville Group climate 0 4 0 4 Dahlonega Adherence to social learning methods 0 5 1 6 Dahlonega Relevance of skills 1 5 0 6 Dahlonega Group climate 1 5 0 6 Milledgeville Adherence to social learning methods 0 7 2 9 Milledgeville Relevance of skills 2 5 2 9 Milledgeville Group climate 0 6 3 9 Thomas Adherence to social learning methods 0 2 2 4 Thomas Relevance of skills 0 4 1 5 Thomas Group climate 1 3 1 5 Savannah Adherence to social learning methods 0 4 0 4 Savannah Relevance of skills 0 2 2 4 Savannah Group climate 0 4 0 4 Jesup Adherence to social learning methods 0 2 0 2 Jesup Relevance of skills 1 1 0 2 Jesup Group climate 0 2 0 2 Waycross Adherence to social learning methods 2 5 2 9 Waycross Relevance of skills 1 8 1 10 Waycross Group climate 2 8 0 10 Columbus Adherence to social learning methods 2 3 0 5 Columbus Relevance of skills 1 4 0 5 Columbus Group climate 0 5 0 5 Jonesboro Adherence to social learning methods 1 6 2 9 Jonesboro Relevance of skills 0 9 1 10 Jonesboro Group climate 1 6 2 9 Lawrenceville Adherence to social learning methods 3 3 1 7 Lawrenceville Relevance of skills 5 6 0 11 Lawrenceville Group climate 1 6 0 7 Augusta Adherence to social learning methods 2 8 4 14 Augusta Relevance of skills 2 11 1 14 Augusta Group climate 1 12 1 14 Brunswick Adherence to social learning methods 1 12 0 13 Brunswick Relevance of skills 2 11 2 15 Brunswick Group climate 2 9 3 14 Cairo Adherence to social learning methods 2 6 0 8 Cairo Relevance of skills 1 7 0 8 Cairo Group climate 1 7 0 8 North Fulton Adherence to social learning methods 3 19 4 26 North Fulton Relevance of skills 3 19 4 26 North Fulton Group climate 7 14 5 26 LaGrange Adherence to social learning methods 2 3 4 9 LaGrange Relevance of skills 2 3 4 9 LaGrange Group climate 3 3 3 9 Griffin Adherence to social learning methods 0 7 0 7 Griffin Relevance of skills 0 7 0 7 Griffin Group climate 2 5 0 7 LaFayette Adherence to social learning methods 0 5 3 8 LaFayette Relevance of skills 0 9 0 9 LaFayette Group climate 0 8 1 9 Jefferson Adherence to social learning methods 1 6 1 8 Jefferson Relevance of skills 1 7 0 8 Jefferson Group climate 2 6 0 8 South Dekalb Adherence to social learning methods 0 10 3 13 South Dekalb Relevance of skills 3 8 2 13 South Dekalb Group climate 0 10 3 13 Lyons Adherence to social learning methods 0 4 0 4 Lyons Relevance of skills 0 4 0 4 Lyons Group climate 0 3 1 4 Statesboro Adherence to social learning methods 0 6 2 8 Statesboro Relevance of skills 0 6 2 8 Statesboro Group climate 0 8 0 8 South Metro Adherence to social learning methods 0 6 6 12 South Metro Relevance of skills 0 9 4 13 South Metro Group climate 1 6 6 13 South Richmond Adherence to social learning methods 1 7 1 9 South Richmond Relevance of skills 1 7 1 9 South Richmond Group climate 3 6 0 9 Hartwell Adherence to social learning methods 0 8 7 15 Hartwell Relevance of skills 0 10 5 15 Hartwell Group climate 0 12 3 15 Coastal St. Prison Adherence to social learning methods 0 7 3 10 Coastal St. Prison Relevance of skills 1 5 4 10 Coastal St. Prison Group climate 0 6 4 10 Whitworth Detention Center Adherence to social learning methods 2 30 4 36 Whitworth Detention Center Relevance of skills 7 25 4 36 Whitworth Detention Center Group climate 9 24 3 26 Metro St. Prison Adherence to social learning methods 3 13 9 25 Metro St. Prison Relevance of skills 2 14 10 26 Metro St. Prison Group climate 4 17 5 26 # Participant Evaluation Results by Personality Type Participant evaluation scale scores and manual reading item by personality type (aggressives, neurotics, dependents, situationals). Construct Aggressives N Aggressives Percent above neutral Aggressives Mean Neurotics N Neurotics Percent above neutral Neurotics Mean Dependents N Dependents Percent above neutral Dependents Mean Situationals N Situationals Percent above neutral Situationals Mean -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adherence to social learning methods 90 98.9 4.3 52 98.1 4.3 66 100 4.2 93 97.4 4.2 Relevance of skills to participants 91 89 4.2 54 92.5 4.2 69 100 4.3 93 97.9 4.3 Group climate 93 73.4 3.9 53 75.5 3.8 69 79.7 3.9 93 97.9 3.9 Coaches read from manual majority of class (above neutral) 93 26.9 2.5 53 40.4 2.9 69 20.3 2.5 93 39.1 2.9 # Experimental group prior property convictions mean and median by district Mean and median number of prior property convictions for the experimental group across Georgia prison districts. District Mean Median ----------------------------- Marietta 4 2 Clarkesville 5 3 Dahlonega 1.8 0 Milledgeville 6.2 2.5 Thomas 2.3 2 Savannah 3.1 0 Jesup 1.6 2 Waycross 7.6 3 Columbus 5.8 4.5 Jonesboro 3.4 2 Lawrenceville 4.6 1 Augusta 3.4 2 # Participant evaluation scales descriptives for program groups without comparison groups Appendix P data showing scale ranges, means, standard deviations, percent above neutral, and N for adherence to social learning methods, relevance of skills, and group climate. Scale Range Mean S.D. Percent above neutral N -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adherence to social learning methods 2.9-5.0 4.9 0.5 96.9 64 Relevance of skills to participant 3.0-5.0 4.2 0.5 96 75 Group climate 2.0-5.0 4 0.6 89.1 64 # Participant Evaluation Results by I-Level Participant evaluation scale scores and manual reading item by I-Level (I-Levels 2 and 3 vs. I-Level 4). Construct I-Levels 2 and 3 N I-Levels 2 and 3 Percent above neutral I-Levels 2 and 3 Mean I-Level 4 N I-Level 4 Percent above neutral I-Level 4 Mean ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adherence to social learning methods 168 97.7 4.3 118 97.6 4.3 Relevance of skills to participants 172 88.2 4.2 120 93.3 4.2 Group climate 169 76.2 3.9 121 60.3 3.9 Coaches read from manual majority of class (above neutral) 172 23.8 2.5 121 39.7 2.9 # Experimental group prior drug sale convictions mean and median by district Mean and median number of prior drug sale convictions for the experimental group across Georgia prison districts. District Mean Median ----------------------------- Marietta 0.9 0 Clarkesville 0.4 0 Dahlonega 0.7 0 Milledgeville 0.7 0 Thomas 0.4 0 Savannah 0.9 1 Jesup 0.7 0 Waycross 0.7 0 Columbus 0.5 0 Jonesboro 0.4 0 Lawrenceville 0.8 0 Augusta 0.5 0 # Participant evaluation responses from groups without comparison groups by district Appendix Q data showing participant evaluation responses for adherence to social learning methods, relevance of skills, and group climate across eight Georgia parole districts for program groups without comparison groups. District Scale Below average (N) Average (N) Above average (N) Total (N) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dahlonega Adherence to social learning methods 2 5 0 7 Dahlonega Relevance of skills 1 6 0 7 Dahlonega Group climate 2 4 1 7 Fitzgerald Adherence to social learning methods 0 4 4 8 Fitzgerald Relevance of skills 0 7 1 8 Fitzgerald Group climate 0 5 3 8 Columbus Adherence to social learning methods 1 6 0 7 Columbus Relevance of skills 2 5 0 7 Columbus Group climate 0 6 1 7 LaGrange Adherence to social learning methods 1 11 2 14 LaGrange Relevance of skills 1 10 4 15 LaGrange Group climate 2 8 4 14 Jefferson Adherence to social learning methods 0 0 0 0 Jefferson Relevance of skills 4 3 3 10 Jefferson Group climate 0 0 0 0 Carrollton Adherence to social learning methods 0 3 2 5 Carrollton Relevance of skills 0 3 2 5 Carrollton Group climate 1 4 0 5 Douglas Adherence to social learning methods 0 5 2 7 Douglas Relevance of skills 0 5 2 7 Douglas Group climate 0 5 2 7 # Experimental group prior drug possession convictions mean and median by district Mean and median number of prior drug possession convictions for the experimental group across Georgia prison districts. District Mean Median ----------------------------- Marietta 2.5 2 Clarkesville 1.7 1 Dahlonega 1.2 1 Milledgeville 1.7 1 Thomas 1.2 1 Savannah 1.6 1 Jesup 1.2 1 Waycross 1.6 0.5 Columbus 1.6 1 Jonesboro 1.6 1 Lawrenceville 1.6 1 Augusta 1.6 1 # Experimental group prior sex crime convictions mean and median by district Mean and median number of prior sex crime convictions for the experimental group across Georgia prison districts. District Mean Median ----------------------------- Marietta 0.1 0 Clarkesville 0 0 Dahlonega 0 0 Milledgeville 0 0 Thomas 0 0 Savannah 0.1 0 Jesup 0 0 Waycross 0 0 Columbus 0 0 Jonesboro 0 0 Lawrenceville 0 0 Augusta 0 0 # Program groups without comparison groups average age by district Average age of program groups without comparison groups across Georgia prison districts. District Average Age N ----------------------------- Dahlonega 33.4 11 Fitzgerald 27.8 11 Columbus 31.3 8 LaGrange 29.1 17 Jefferson 34.1 11 Lyons 28.1 22 Carrollton 23.7 8 Douglas 30.4 9 # Program groups without comparison groups average IQ by district Average IQ of program groups without comparison groups across Georgia prison districts. District Average IQ N ---------------------------- Dahlonega 102.7 11 Fitzgerald 101.1 11 Columbus 110.1 8 LaGrange 96.3 17 Jefferson 104.8 11 Lyons 100.4 22 Carrollton 96.5 8 Douglas 101.5 8 KEY ENTITIES (55) ---------------------------------------- - Augusta [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Brunswick [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Cairo [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Carrollton [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment program group. - Carrollton Parole District [facility]: A Georgia parole district participating in the Cognitive Skills Experiment (program groups without comparison groups). (aka: Carrollton, Carrolton) - Clarkesville [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Coastal State Prison [facility]: Georgia state prison visited by DOJ during 2022-2023 investigation (aka: Coastal) - Columbus [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Culture Fair Intelligence Test [program]: Intelligence test developed by Cattell & Cattell (1973) used to assess study participants' IQ. - Dahlonega [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Douglas [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment program group. - Elizabeth Fabiano [person]: Co-developer of Reasoning and Rehabilitation (1985) in Canada - Fitzgerald [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment program group. - Frank Porporino [person]: Authority in cognitive skills programming who trained approximately 50 parole officers in Georgia beginning in 1997. - Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles [organization]: Georgia's parole authority, operates reentry services including Reentry Partnership Housing (RPH) - Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment [program]: A statewide implementation and evaluation of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R&R) program with parolees in Georgia, conducted by the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles in collaboration with the University of Cincinnati. (aka: Georgia Cognitive Skills Program, Phase II, Phase I) - Georgia Cognitive Skills Program [program]: A cognitive-behavioral treatment program for parolees in Georgia, evaluated through a randomized experiment by the University of Cincinnati for the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles. The program targets general criminal behavior and excludes low-risk offenders, sex offenders, severe substance abusers, and those with IQs below 80. (aka: Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment, Georgia Cognitive Skills) - Griffin [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Hartwell [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Jefferson [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Jennifer Pealer [person]: Co-author of the Phase II process evaluation report, affiliated with the Division of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati. - Jesness Inventory [program]: 155-item true/false psychological classification instrument used to classify offenders into three levels of interpersonal maturity and four personality types. (aka: JI) - Jesup [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Jonesboro [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - LaFayette [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - LaGrange [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Lawrenceville [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Lisa M. Spruance [person]: Co-author of the Phase II process evaluation report, affiliated with the Division of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati. - Lyons [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Marietta [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Metro State Prison [facility]: Institutional services location for parole operations. Diagnostic Unit - Parole Office, 1301 Constitution Road, S.E., Atlanta, GA 30316. - Milledgeville [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - National Institute of Justice [organization]: DOJ research agency that commissioned studies on deaths in custody to meet DCRA 2013 requirements. (aka: NIJ) - North Fulton [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - OTIS [program]: Georgia's offender information tracking system used to extract background and criminal history data for study participants. (aka: Offender Tracking Information System) - Patricia Van Voorhis [person]: Co-author of the Phase II process evaluation report, affiliated with the Division of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati. - Peter B. Hoffman [person]: Developer of the Salient Factor Risk Score (1994), referenced in the report's risk measure methodology. (aka: Hoffman) - Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program [program]: A cognitive skills training program developed by Ross and Fabiano (1985) designed to change the way offenders think and reduce recidivism. (aka: R&R) - Renita Seabrook [person]: Co-author of the Phase II process evaluation report, affiliated with the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles. - Ross and Fabiano [person]: Developers of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R&R) program (1985). (aka: Ross, Fabiano, and Ross) - Ross, Fabiano, and Ross [person]: Authors of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R&R) facilitators' handbook (1989) referenced for recommended class sizes and program design. - Ross, Fabiano, and Ross (1989) [person]: Authors of the R&R coaches' handbook and program specification. - Salient Factor Risk Score [program]: A valid and widely used risk assessment instrument among parolees, developed by Hoffman (1994). The research team created a modified version using OTIS data. (aka: SFS) - Savannah [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Shelley Johnson Listwan [person]: Co-author of the Phase II process evaluation report, affiliated with the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Nevada Las Vegas. - South Dekalb [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - South Metro [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - South Richmond [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Statesboro [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Thomas [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - University of Cincinnati [organization]: The academic institution whose Division of Criminal Justice conducted the evaluation of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Van Voorhis, Murphy, & Johnson (1999) [person]: Authors of the Phase I process evaluation of the Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Waycross [facility]: Georgia prison district site in the Cognitive Skills Experiment. - Whitworth Detention Center [facility]: A detention center for males providing six-month confinement with substance abuse programs. - Wide-Range Achievement Test [program]: Test used to assess reading level of study participants. 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