Parole
BOPP Annual Report FY2003 — Georgia Parole Board
The FY2003 Annual Report of the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles documents the agency's operations amid budget reductions, reporting $49,027,202 in total expenditures and a parolee population of 22,208. The report highlights the launch of the 'Know Thy Neighbor' public parolee database, the agency's reorganization saving $1,393,966, and the implementation of the federally funded Reentry Initiative in four Georgia cities. Key data show Georgia's prison population exceeding 49,000 inmates, a 90% parole service policy applied to 11,655 cases since 1998, and a parolee success rate of 61% in FY2003, which exceeds the national average of 45% reported by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Key Findings
The most impactful data from this research collection.
49,000
6th Largest Prison Population
Statistic$2.80
$3.20 Daily Parole Supervision Cost
Statistic470%
Prison Population Growth Since 1973
Statistic61%
Parolee Success Rate FY2003
StatisticAll Data Points
117 verified data points extracted from primary sources.
FY03 total agency expenditures Statistic
The State Board of Pardons and Paroles' actual expenditures for FY03 totaled $49,027,202, a $2.4 million reduction from FY02.
$49.0M vs. reduction from FY02
Personal services expenditures FY03 Statistic
Personal services expenditures for FY03 totaled $40,036,088, including $29,927,720 in salaries and $9,311,789 in fringe benefits.
$40.0M
Regular operating expenditures FY03 Statistic
Regular operating expenditures for FY03 totaled $1,731,035.
$1.7M
Savings from agency reorganization Statistic
The Parole Board saved $1,393,966 through its reorganization, which eliminated the Community Based Services Division and the Special Investigations Unit.
$1.4M
Georgia prison population sixth-largest in U.S. Statistic
Georgia's prison population is the sixth-largest in the U.S., with more than 49,000 offenders sentenced to state incarceration at the close of FY03.
49,000 offenders
Total state correctional population FY2003 Statistic
Georgia's total correctional population (probation, inmate, and parole) was 194,576 at the close of FY2003, including 125,743 on probation, 47,214 inmates, and 21,619 parolees.
194,576 offenders
Parolee population at close of FY03 Statistic
At the close of FY03 (6/30/03), the parolee population stood at 22,208.
22,208 parolees
Inmate population at close of FY03 Statistic
The inmate population at the close of FY03 was 46,916, according to the Offender Tracking Information System (OTIS).
46,916 inmates
Daily parole supervision cost Statistic
Parole supervision costs the state less than three dollars per day per offender, compared with $47 per day to keep one offender in prison.
$3.00 vs. daily prison cost per offender
Parole supervision cost per day FY2003 Statistic
The daily cost of parole supervision was $2.80 in FY2003, compared with $47.49 per day for prison incarceration.
$2.80 vs. prison cost per day
Total parole releases FY2003 Statistic
The Board granted 10,894 total releases in FY2003, including 8,394 paroles and 1,999 supervised reprieves.
10,894 releases
Parole revocations FY2003 Statistic
Total parole revocations in FY2003 were 3,071.
3,071 revocations
Total discharges from parole FY2003 Statistic
Total discharges from parole in FY2003 were 7,150, including 5,739 discharges from parole and 1,227 discharges from supervised reprieve.
7,150 discharges
Decisions under Parole Decision Guidelines FY2003 Statistic
Total decisions under Parole Decision Guidelines in FY2003 were 14,539.
14,539 decisions
Life sentence decisions FY2003 Statistic
In FY2003, the Board made 554 life sentence decisions: 387 denials of parole to life cases and 167 grants of parole to life cases.
554 decisions
Pardons granted FY2003 Statistic
The Board granted 358 pardons in FY2003.
358 pardons
Medical/compassionate reprieves FY2003 Statistic
The Board granted 85 medical/compassionate reprieves in FY2003.
85 reprieves
Restoration of rights FY2003 Statistic
The Board granted 319 restorations of rights in FY2003.
319 restorations
Visitor interviews FY2003 Statistic
The Board conducted 3,613 visitor interviews in FY2003.
3,613 interviews
Inmate interviews FY2003 Statistic
The Board conducted 98 inmate interviews in FY2003.
98 interviews
Revocation hearings FY2003 Statistic
The Board held 458 revocation hearings in FY2003.
458 hearings
Preliminary hearings FY2003 Statistic
The Board held 104 preliminary hearings in FY2003.
104 hearings
Out-of-state parolees supervised by Georgia Statistic
Georgia supervised 589 out-of-state parolees at the close of FY03.
589 parolees
Georgia parolees supervised by other states Statistic
Other states supervised 1,319 Georgia-sentenced parolees at the close of FY03.
1,319 parolees
Georgia adult offender population total Statistic
Georgia's total adult offender population as of June 30, 2003 was 382,048, including 154,209 misdemeanants under private probation authorities.
382,048 offenders
Misdemeanant probation population Statistic
More than 150,000 misdemeanants serve their probation with private probation authorities contracted by county or city governments in Georgia.
150,000 misdemeanants
Prison max-outs FY2003 Statistic
Total prison max-outs in FY2003 were 5,347, representing one in three prison releases.
5,347 releases
Max-out trend from FY1991 to FY2003 Trend
In FY91 one of every 10 prison releases was a max-out. By FY03, due to tougher laws and parole policies, max-outs had increased to one in three.
Board releases trend FY1991 to FY2003 Trend
Board releases declined from 16,772 in FY1991 to 10,894 in FY2003, while max-outs increased from 2,397 to 5,347 over the same period.
Prison population growth since 1973 Statistic
The state's prison population has grown by 470% since the Board was made a five-member body in 1973, reaching almost 49,000 inmates.
470%
Monthly case reviews by Board members Statistic
Board members review and vote on approximately 1,200 inmate files each month.
1,200 files per month
90% policy cases processed Statistic
From implementation of the Board's 90% service policy in January 1998 through December 2003, the Parole Board rendered 11,655 decisions under its provisions.
11,655 decisions
90% policy: served 100% of sentence Statistic
Of 11,655 cases processed under the 90% policy, 4,168 (36%) served 100% of their sentence.
4,168 cases
90% policy: served 90% or more of sentence Statistic
Of 11,655 cases processed under the 90% policy, 7,463 (64%) served 90% or more of their sentence.
7,463 cases
90% policy exemptions Statistic
Since implementation of the 90% policy in January 1998, only 44 exemptions have been made, all due to unique circumstances and after consultation with sentencing judges, prosecuting attorneys, and other law-enforcement officials.
44 exemptions
Life-sentenced inmate population FY2003 Statistic
Georgia's life-sentenced inmate population was 6,161 in FY2003, an increase of 71% over the last ten years.
6,161 inmates
Life-sentenced population growth trend Trend
Georgia's lifer population has increased by 71% over the last ten years, largely due to tougher laws and stricter parole policies.
Life sentence first parole consideration requirement Legal fact
Life-sentenced inmates, except drug offenders, who committed their crimes after January 1, 1995, must serve fourteen years before their first parole consideration.
Life sentence reconsideration interval Legal fact
Inmates serving life sentences who are denied parole are legally entitled to reviews at intervals not exceeding eight years.
Death penalty commutations since 1976 Statistic
Since Georgia reinstated the death penalty in 1976 through the close of FY03, the Board has considered forty death-sentenced inmates; only seven have been commuted to a lesser sentence.
40 inmates considered vs. commuted
Death case appeals considered FY2003 Case detail
During FY03 the Board considered four death case appeals: William Marvin Fugate III, William Howard Putnam, Larry Eugene Moon, and Carl Isaacs. All four were denied commutation and subsequently executed.
Aging inmates share of prison population Statistic
Older inmates (50+) comprise six percent of Georgia's prison population but consume more than twelve percent of the state prison healthcare budget of $120 million.
6% vs. percent of healthcare budget
State prison healthcare budget Statistic
The state prison healthcare budget was $120 million for all inmates in FY2003.
$120.0M
Inmate 50+ medical bed likelihood Statistic
National statistics show that an inmate aged 50 or older is twenty times more likely to occupy an expensive prison medical bed.
20.0x times more likely
Daily housing cost for inmate 50 or older Statistic
Daily prison housing cost for an average inmate is $47 versus $145 for an inmate 50 or older.
$145.00 vs. average inmate daily cost
Medical reprieve releases supervised Statistic
During FY03, the Parole Board supervised only 45 to 50 medical reprieve releases at one time, less than one percent of the entire parole population.
45 releases
Inmates 50+ population FY2003 Statistic
The number of inmates aged 50 and older was 4,441 in 2003, representing 9.1% of total inmates, up from 1,365 (5.4% of total) in 1993.
4,441 inmates
Victim Advocacy Office correspondence FY03 Statistic
During FY03 the Office of Victim Advocacy sent out 4,015 pieces of correspondence, provided assistance to 6,500 callers, and personally met with 57 individuals on specific parole cases.
4,015 pieces of correspondence
Victim advocate reconsideration outcomes Statistic
Of the 91 inmate cases which Parole's victim advocates submitted to the Board for reconsideration of parole, 89 received extended time, some to their normal prison max-out date.
89 cases extended vs. cases submitted
Parolee payments collected FY2003 Statistic
Total parolee payments collected in FY2003 were $2,634,107, including $2,078,081 in monthly supervision fees, $357,587 in restitution, and $198,439 in victims compensation fund payments.
$2.6M
Monthly supervision fees collected FY2003 Statistic
Monthly supervision fees collected from parolees in FY2003 totaled $2,078,081.
$2.1M
Restitution collected FY2003 Statistic
Restitution fees collected from parolees in FY2003 totaled $357,587.
$357,587
Victims compensation fund payments FY2003 Statistic
Victims compensation fund payments collected from parolees in FY2003 totaled $198,439.
$198,439
Electronic monitoring cost per day Statistic
In July 2003 the agency awarded its electronic monitoring contract to ADT Security Services at a cost of $2.80 per parolee per day, down from a sliding scale of $7.00 to $9.00 per day.
$2.80
Field Operations re-accreditation score Statistic
The Field Operations Division scored 99.5% out of a possible 100% and was re-accredited by the American Correctional Association, Commission on Accreditation, for a fourth cycle of three years.
99.5%
Transfer fee legislation expected revenue Legal fact
Legislation passed in 2003 allows the Parole Board and the Department of Corrections to collect a $25.00 application fee from non-indigent probationers, parolees, or inmates wishing to transfer supervision to another state, expected to generate appr…
Virtual offices expected annual savings Statistic
The agency's move to 'virtual offices' for regional directors is expected to save the state nearly $150,000 annually.
$150,000
Know Thy Neighbor website hits Statistic
The 'Know Thy Neighbor' Web site has recorded more than six million hits since its implementation in March 2003.
6,000,000 hits
Reentry Initiative federal grant amount Statistic
At the beginning of FY03 the State of Georgia was awarded a two-million dollar federal grant to develop and implement reentry programs assisting offenders released from prison.
$2.0M
Reentry Initiative pilot cities Policy
The cities of Albany, Savannah, Augusta, and Macon were selected as sites for the Reentry Initiative.
Savannah Impact Program initial offender caseload Statistic
The Savannah Impact Program (SIP) chose a small number of offenders at first, approximately 600, to limit officers' caseloads for maximum supervision.
600 offenders
Drug testing episodes FY2003 Statistic
Total drug testing episodes in FY2003 were 76,965, with 64,488 (84%) negative and 12,477 (16%) positive.
76,965 test episodes
Positive drug test rate FY2003 Statistic
Of 76,965 drug testing episodes in FY2003, 12,477 (16%) were positive.
12,477 positive tests vs. negative tests
Parolee success rate FY2003 Statistic
The Georgia Parole Board's parolee success rate was 61% in FY2003, exceeding the national average of 45% reported by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
61% vs. national average (BJS)
Parolee success rate trend FY1998-FY2003 Trend
Over the last six years the Georgia Parole Board's success rate has exceeded the national average by 16% or more. In 2003 the Board began to apply a stricter measure of 'parolee success' than is currently used to tabulate national success figures.
Fugitives arrested FY2003 Statistic
In FY03, Georgia parole officers arrested 735 fugitives and extradited 132 from other states (93 by contracted service provider; 39 by Georgia parole officers).
735 fugitives arrested
Fugitives extradited from other states FY2003 Statistic
In FY03, 132 fugitives were extradited from other states: 93 by contracted service provider and 39 by Georgia parole officers.
132 extraditions
Cognitive skills program graduates FY2003 Statistic
In FY03, 561 parolees graduated from cognitive skills programs.
561 parolees
Substance abuse program completions FY2003 Statistic
In FY03, 3,294 parolees completed substance abuse programs.
3,294 parolees
Parole officers trained in cognitive skills Statistic
In FY03, 55 parole officers were trained to deliver cognitive skills training to parolees, bringing to 109 the number of parole officers certified in specific proven techniques.
55 officers trained vs. total certified officers
Volunteer training participants FY2003 Statistic
Volunteer training in FY03 included: Reentry Aftercare Training with 33 participants, One Church One Inmate with 51 participants, and North Georgia Ministerial Alliance with 22 participants.
33 participants
Female parole population FY2003 Statistic
The female parole population was 2,463 as of June 30, 2003, with property offenses (1,122, 46%) and drug possession (555, 23%) as the largest categories.
2,463 parolees
Male parole population FY2003 Statistic
The male parole population was 19,156 as of June 30, 2003, with property offenses (5,724, 30%) and drug sales (4,353, 23%) as the largest categories.
19,156 parolees
Agency employee total FY2003 Statistic
The State Board of Pardons and Paroles had 772 employees in FY2003.
772 employees
Agency employees by gender Statistic
Of 772 agency employees, 387 (50%) were male and 385 (50%) were female.
387 male employees vs. female employees
Agency employees by race Statistic
Of 772 agency employees, 510 (66%) were White, 251 (33%) were Black, 6 (1%) were Asian, 3 (0%) were Hispanic, and 2 (0%) were American Indian.
510 White employees
Board member appointment authority Legal fact
The Constitution provided that the Governor would appoint Board members to serve seven-year terms, subject to confirmation by the State Senate.
Board creation legislation Legal fact
In February 1943 the Georgia General Assembly enacted legislation to create the State Board of Pardons and Paroles as an independent agency to administer executive clemency.
Board expansion to five members Legal fact
In 1973, the Constitution was amended to expand the Board from three to five members.
Parole eligibility standard Legal fact
In Georgia no prison inmate is entitled to parole. Most are eligible for parole at a certain point in their prison sentence, usually one-third, and are entitled to a parole consideration.
Parole Decision Guidelines implementation year Policy
Since 1979 the Parole Board has reviewed non-life sentence cases under Parole Decision Guidelines, one of the country's first standardized methods of predicting success on parole.
Sexually violent predator residency restriction Legal fact
Passed in 2003, legislation introduced by Senator David Adelman prohibits sexually violent predators from residing within 1,000 feet of locations where minors congregate.
Death penalty commutation authority Legal fact
The Parole Board has the sole constitutional authority to commute, or reduce, capital punishment cases to a sentence of life or life without parole.
Death sentence commutation vote requirement Legal fact
A majority of three Board members is needed to reduce a death sentence.
Parole Contact Registry Web site Policy
During FY03 the Parole Board began posting on its Web site the names of people contacting the Board to advocate parole or a pardon for a particular inmate.
Results Driven Supervision model Policy
Known as Results Driven Supervision (RDS), this model has become a national standard and one of the nation's most acclaimed government programs. Since implementation in December 1997, more than thirty states have consulted with the Board to learn wa…
Victim compensation fee policy Policy
In 1991 the agency began to require certain parolees to pay a victim compensation fee. The proceeds are deposited in the Georgia Crime Victims Compensation Fund.
Interstate compact for adult offender supervision Legal fact
Last year a new interstate compact was formed which will provide more standardized practices and accountability among member states. Each state is required to form a State Council for Interstate Adult Offender Supervision.
Atlanta hosts National Commission assembly Policy
Atlanta will host the National Commission assembly for interstate adult offender supervision in October 2004.
Atlanta Day Reporting Center partnership Policy
The Atlanta Day Reporting Center is a project of the Parole Board and the Department of Corrections which offers intensive and holistic intervention for probationers and parolees.
Parole officer training requirements Policy
All Georgia parole officers are college graduates who have passed physical and psychological testing before entering eight weeks of intensive training at the Georgia Public Safety Training Center in Forsyth.
Parole officer POST certification Policy
Graduates of the rigorous training are certified by the Peace Officers Standards and Training (POST) Council to serve as Georgia Peace Officers sworn to protect the public.
Sex offender GPS monitoring Policy
Parole's sex offender supervision was enhanced by the introduction of hand-held global positioning system devices, paid for with DEA asset forfeiture funds. The GPS devices measure the distance between the sex offender's residence and places where c…
Budget reduction methods Policy
To reduce spending, the agency cut operating costs in areas such as motor vehicle purchases, real estate rentals and county jail subsidies, and terminated all but two part-time hourly employees.
Chairman Nix appointment details Case detail
Chairman Milton E. Nix, Jr. was appointed by Governor Roy Barnes in June 2002 to fill an interim term and, in the first ever bi-partisan Board appointment, by outgoing Governor Roy Barnes and incoming Governor Sonny Perdue, was reappointed in Decemb…
Garland Hunt appointment Case detail
On January 23, 2004, Garland R. Hunt, Esq. was appointed by Governor Sonny Perdue to the five-member Parole Board. In February Board members elected Mr. Hunt as their vice-chairman.
Dr. Betty Ann Cook term expiration Case detail
Dr. Betty Ann Cook was appointed to the Board in January 1997. Her term expired on December 31, 2003.
Garfield Hammonds appointment Case detail
Garfield Hammonds, Jr., of Atlanta, was appointed in 1995 and reappointed in 2002 to the Parole Board.
Dr. Eugene Walker appointment Case detail
Dr. Eugene Walker from DeKalb County was appointed to the Board by Governor Roy Barnes in May 1999 and reappointed to a full seven-year term in December 1999.
J. Michael Light appointment Case detail
J. Michael Light was appointed to the Parole Board by Governor Roy Barnes in July 2002, 22 years after joining the agency as a parole officer in 1980.
Know Thy Neighbor legislation origin Legal fact
The 'Know Thy Neighbor' Web site is a result of legislation introduced by Senate President Pro Tempore Eric Johnson, which passed in the Georgia Legislature in 1997.
Sex offender training grant Policy
Parole's sex offender supervision was enhanced by training provided by the Center for Sex Offender Management, funded by a National Institute of Corrections grant.
Prison capacity doubling 1991-2003 Trend
A huge expansion of the Georgia prison system doubled the state's prison capacity between 1991 and 2003.
Parole population stability trend Trend
While the inmate population has grown each year since 1992, the parole population has remained stable or has fallen slightly.
Sex offenders discharged without supervision risk Finding
Recent research indicates that certain offenders, specifically sex offenders, are more likely to commit new offenses if they are discharged directly from prison to the community without any transitional supervision.
Parole supervision public safety benefit Finding
Parole supervision enhances public safety through strict surveillance and by placing and monitoring offenders in mandated programs aimed to alter their criminal thinking and behavior patterns.
Georgia life-sentence population national ranking Finding
Georgia has one of the largest life-sentence prison populations in the country.
Inmate population growth projection Trend
Based on current sentencing practices, Georgia's Department of Corrections projects the prison population will increase to unprecedented levels over the next five years.
Parole Decision Guidelines revision underway Methodology note
Periodically, all Guidelines components are thoroughly reevaluated to assess continued reliability. This process is currently underway and will be completed during FY04.
Stricter parolee success measure adopted 2003 Methodology note
In 2003 the Board began to apply a stricter measure of 'parolee success' than is currently used to tabulate national success figures. This stricter measure accounts for the success percentage decrease shown from FY02 to FY03.
Drug testing episode definition Methodology note
A test episode is 1 set of drug tests for 1 parolee on 1 day regardless of the number of tests conducted.
Correctional population data exclusions Methodology note
The inmate population does not include the 2,000-plus inmates in county jails awaiting transfer into state prisons. The parolee population does not include 589 offenders sentenced in other states but living in Georgia under supervision. The probatio…
Data source for correctional population Methodology note
Correctional population data comes from the Office of Criminal Justice Research, State Board of Pardons and Paroles, using OTIS data as of June 30, 2003.
Parole Board mission statement Policy
The mission of the State Board of Pardons and Paroles is to protect the public by thoroughly investigating and processing inmate cases and making responsible, just, and equitable parole decisions while balancing punishment and rehabilitation; respon…
Chairman Nix quote on partnerships Quote
Partnerships, openness, and accountability were our driving forces for FY03, and, with momentum from the year, we pledge even more results for FY04.
Chairman Nix quote on public information Quote
First, these services illustrate our agency's belief that citizens have a right to know how their government operates. Second, the Parole Board has a sense of responsibility to provide fellow law enforcement agencies with the necessary tools to figh…
County jail inmates awaiting transfer Data gap
The inmate population does not include the 2,000-plus inmates in county jails awaiting transfer into state prisons.
Sources
1 cited sources backing this research.
Primary
Official report
Key Entities
Organizations, people, facilities, and other named entities referenced in this research.
ADT Security Services
[organization]
American Correctional Association
[organization]
Atlanta Day Reporting Center
[facility]
Betty Ann Cook
[person]
Bureau of Justice Statistics
[organization]
Carl Isaacs
[person]
Center for Sex Offender Management
[organization]
Crime Victims Compensation Fund
[program]
Criminal Justice Coordinating Council
[organization]
Curtis Jenkins
[person]
David Adelman
[person]
Eric Johnson
[person]
Eugene Walker
[person]
Garfield Hammonds Jr.
[person]
Garland R. Hunt
[person]
Georgia Department of Corrections
[organization]
Georgia Emergency Management Agency
[organization]
Georgia Public Safety Training Center
[organization]
J. Michael Light
[person]
Know Thy Neighbor
[program]
Larry Eugene Moon
[person]
Milton E. Nix Jr.
[person]
National Institute of Corrections
[organization]
Parole Contact Registry
[program]
Peace Officers Standards and Training Council
[organization]
Reentry Initiative
[program]
Results Driven Supervision
[program]
Roy Barnes
[person]
Savannah Impact Program
[program]
Sonny Perdue
[person]
State Board of Pardons and Paroles
[organization]
William Howard Putnam
[person]
William Marvin Fugate III
[person]
Zell Miller
[person]
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2,149 data points
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6,723 data points
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4,893 data points
Recidivism & Reentry
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6,376 data points