Oversight & Accountability
GDC's Ombudsman and Inmate Affairs Unit, and how corrections ombudsmen work elsewhere
This collection sets out facts from public sources on the subject in its title, drawn from Georgia, federal sources, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, Virginia and Washington. Each entry gives a short statement, the exact passage from the source that supports it, and the source's title, web address and the date it was retrieved. Searches of a source that found no match are listed too, with the wordings that were tried. The entries record what each source said when it was retrieved. They aren't a complete account of the subject, and they don't add analysis or conclusions.
Key Findings
The most impactful data from this research collection.
1,481
GDC Rejected 480 of 1,481 Appeals
Statistic968
Minnesota: 968 Complaints, 159 Investigations
StatisticDOJ: GDC Ignores Grievance Data
FindingOmbudsman Created Internally, Not by Law
PolicyOmbudsman Can't Overturn Warden Decisions
PolicyOmbudsman Unresponsive After Inmate Death
Finding1,978
Maryland Ombudsman Logs 1,978 Complaints
Statistic13,116
New Jersey Ombudsperson: 13,116 Contacts
StatisticFederal DOJ Ombudsman Still Unfunded
Data gap3,211
3,211 Requests Answered in FY2010
StatisticIndependent Ombudsman Bill Died in 2022
Legal factAll Data Points
169 verified data points extracted from primary sources.
Robertson quote opposing ombudsman Quote
State Sen. Randy Robertson, chair of the Georgia Senate study committee on GDC, said of an ombudsman: "Basically, what you have is somebody that's not answerable to anyone above or below, and I'm always concerned about ombudsman being put in here...…
GDC rejected ~480 of 1,481 grievance appeals in six months of 2023 Statistic
In a period of approximately six months in 2023, GDC documented 1,481 grievance appeals, approximately 480 of which were rejected for failure to follow procedural requirements for filing grievances, such as timeliness, raising multiple issues in a s…
1,481 grievance appeals vs. rejected for procedural requirements
Maryland Correctional Ombudsman established in Attorney General's Office Legal fact
Maryland's Office of the Correctional Ombudsman Unit was established in the Office of the Attorney General by Chapter 836 (Senate Bill 134).
Minnesota Ombuds for Corrections: 968 complaints and 159 investigations in 2025 Statistic
Minnesota's Office of the Ombuds for Corrections received 968 complaints and conducted 159 investigations in 2025, as reported in its annual report.
968 complaints vs. investigations
Virginia Ombudsman subpoena power over VADOC records and staff Legal fact
The Virginia Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman has the power to issue a subpoena to the Department of Corrections for records, documents, or data in the Department's possession, and for Department staff, contractors, or representativ…
DOJ Georgia prisons findings report searched for ombudsman references: no match Data gap
A search of the DOJ findings report on its investigation of Georgia prisons (justice.gov, retrieved 2026-09-23) for the terms 'ombudsman', 'Inmate Affairs', and 'Office of the Ombudsman' returned no match.
Albers quote opposing new oversight bureaucracy Quote
The Georgia Senate study committee on the Department of Corrections stopped short of creating independent oversight of GDC; Sen. John Albers said "Oversight is provided by regular committees, subcommittees and study committees, and I'm not sure we n…
DOJ finding: GDC does not strategically use grievance information Finding
The DOJ found that GDC does not make strategic use of information in incarcerated persons' grievances, which sometimes highlight dangerous conditions that should be, but are not, addressed.
Maryland ombudsman may subpoena individuals for testimony or evidence Legal fact
The Maryland Correctional Ombudsman Office may subpoena any individual to appear to give sworn testimony or produce documentary evidence reasonably necessary to carry out the Office's duties.
Minnesota OBFC self-description as independent oversight agency Finding
Minnesota's Office of the Ombuds for Corrections describes itself as an independent oversight agency focused on individual concerns and systemic issues affecting the health, safety, well-being, and rights of incarcerated people and staff.
Virginia DOC 20-day records access deadline for Ombudsman Legal fact
Under Virginia law, following notification from the Office of a written request for access to Department records, designated Department staff must provide the Office access to the requested documentation not later than 20 days after receipt of the w…
H.R. 3019 searched for subpoena or compel-production language: no match Data gap
A search of H.R. 3019 (govinfo.gov, retrieved 2026-09-23) for 'subpoena', 'subpoena duces tecum', and 'compel production' returned no match.
Robertson concern about ombudsman accountability Quote
Sen. Randy Robertson, chair of the Georgia Senate Department of Corrections Facilities Study Committee, said he is "always concerned about ombudsman being put in here" because such a person is "not answerable to anyone above or below," and said the …
GDC Ombudsman brochure: contact only after counselor/warden fails Policy
GDC's Ombudsman brochure instructs families to contact the Office of the Ombudsman only after they have contacted the offender's counselor or the warden's office and feel their concerns were not addressed, or if they have a legitimate concern about …
Maryland ombudsman must submit investigation report within 30 days Legal fact
Under Maryland's law, the Correctional Ombudsman Unit/Office must submit an investigation report to the agency within 30 days after completing an investigation.
Minnesota ombudsperson may enter and inspect agency premises at any time Legal fact
Minnesota's ombudsperson may enter and inspect, at any time, premises within the control of an administrative agency.
Virginia DOC 30-day corrective action plan requirement Legal fact
Under Virginia law, the Department of Corrections shall respond in writing to each inspection report issued by the Office within 30 days of the issuance of the report, including a corrective action plan.
Michigan Legislative Corrections Ombudsman Act searched for agency response deadline language: no match Data gap
A search of Michigan's Legislative Corrections Ombudsman Act (Act 46 of 1975, retrieved 2026-09-23) for 'shall respond within', 'days after receipt', 'business days', and 'department shall respond' returned no match.
Senate committee recommendations without independent oversight Policy
The Georgia Senate's Department of Corrections Facilities Study Committee recommended raising correctional officer salaries, increasing mental health services, auditing vendor contracts and forming a consistent culture among wardens, but stopped sho…
GDC Ombudsman brochure: office shall not bypass inmate grievance process Policy
GDC's Ombudsman brochure states: 'The Ombudsman Office shall not be used to bypass or avoid using the inmate grievance process.'
Maryland ombudsman may access any agency records Legal fact
The Maryland Correctional Ombudsman Office may access any records maintained by an agency.
Minnesota: inmate letters to ombudsperson forwarded unopened Legal fact
A letter to Minnesota's ombudsperson from a person in an institution under the control of an administrative agency must be forwarded immediately and unopened to the ombudsperson's office, and a reply from the ombudsperson must be promptly delivered …
Virginia Ombudsman annual report deadline and distribution Legal fact
Virginia's Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman must produce an annual report to be made available online and delivered to the Governor, Attorney General, Senate Committee on Rehabilitation and Social Services, House Committee on Public…
Michigan Legislative Corrections Ombudsman Act searched for ombudsman subpoena power wording: no match Data gap
A search of Michigan's Legislative Corrections Ombudsman Act (Act 46 of 1975, retrieved 2026-09-23) for 'ombudsman may subpoena', 'ombudsman shall subpoena', and 'ombudsman's subpoena' returned no match.
GDC says the Georgia Department of Corrections created its Ombudsman Unit Policy
GDC states that the Ombudsman Unit was created by the Georgia Department of Corrections to act as a bridge between concerned citizens and GDC by gathering information that uncovers and reduces problems in the corrections system.
Archived GDC ombudsman contact: ombudsman@dcor.state.ga.us, 478-992-5358 Finding
An archived GDC ombudsman brochure listed the contact email as ombudsman@dcor.state.ga.us and phone 478-992-5358, a different email domain than the current ombudsman@gdc.ga.gov.
Maryland ombudsman may interview agency personnel and confined individuals Legal fact
The Maryland Correctional Ombudsman Office may interview agency personnel or any individual confined by an agency.
Minnesota agency must report back on ombudsperson recommendations Legal fact
If Minnesota's ombudsperson requests it, an administrative agency must inform the ombudsperson about the action taken on the ombudsperson's recommendations, or the reasons for not complying, within the time the ombudsperson specifies.
Virginia Ombudsman reasonable access to all facilities and programs Legal fact
Under Virginia law, the Office shall have reasonable access, upon request in person or in writing and with or without prior notice, to all Department facilities, including all areas used by or accessible to inmates, and to programs for inmates, at r…
Ombudsman cannot overturn warden visitation decisions Policy
GDC states the Ombudsman unit does not have the authority to overturn the Warden's decision on visitation denial/revocation.
GDC Ombudsman brochure: no specified response deadline despite high volume Policy
GDC's Ombudsman brochure states the office processes a large volume of inquiries daily and that staff make every effort to address each issue in a respectful and timely manner, without specifying a response deadline.
Maryland ombudsman annual report due December 31 to Governor and General Assembly Legal fact
On or before December 31 each year, the Maryland Correctional Ombudsman Unit/Office shall report to the Governor and the General Assembly on investigations conducted by the Unit/Office.
Minnesota ombudsperson annual reporting requirement to governor and legislature Legal fact
Minnesota's ombudsperson for corrections must report to the governor and the senate and house committee chairs and ranking minority members for the committees and divisions with fiscal and policy jurisdiction over public safety and corrections, in a…
Virginia initial facility inspection deadline July 1, 2026 Legal fact
Under Virginia law, the initial inspection of each individual Department of Corrections facility by the Office shall be conducted by July 1, 2026, and the findings shall be publicly reported or included in the annual report.
Minnesota Statute 241.93 searched for agency response deadline language: no match (first search) Data gap
A search of Minnesota Statute Sec. 241.93 (revisor.mn.gov, retrieved 2026-09-23) for 'days after', 'within 30 days', 'within 20 days', and 'shall respond within' returned no match.
Ombudsman cannot direct facilities acting within policy Policy
GDC states that if a facility is acting within policy, the Ombudsman unit does not have the authority to direct the facility to do otherwise.
Della Newsome testimony: ombudsman unresponsive after fiance's death in custody Finding
Della Newsome, whose fiance died in GDC custody, testified to the Georgia Senate DOC study committee: 'I've called the ombudsman. I've called everybody that I can find a phone number to... And everybody keeps telling me that they don't know.' She al…
Maryland General Assembly intent for at least two staff members for ombudsman office Legal fact
Maryland's law expresses General Assembly intent that the Governor include in the state budget for fiscal year 2025 and each subsequent fiscal year an appropriation sufficient to fund the Act's provisions and provide for at least two staff members o…
Minnesota ombudsperson access to private/confidential corrections and medical data Legal fact
Minnesota's ombudsperson has access, notwithstanding two data-privacy statutes (sections 13.384 and 13.85), to corrections and detention data and medical data classified as private or confidential when necessary to perform the ombudsperson's duties.
Virginia Ombudsman FY2025 complaints received Statistic
Virginia's Corrections Ombudsman Unit received 869 complaints during fiscal year 2025, representing complaints from or about 321 different inmates.
869 complaints vs. inmates represented
Minnesota Statute 241.93 searched for agency response deadline language: no match (second search) Data gap
A second search of Minnesota Statute Sec. 241.93 (revisor.mn.gov, retrieved 2026-09-23) for 'within 30 days', 'within 60 days', 'business days', and 'shall respond within' returned no match.
Ombudsman lacks jurisdiction over parole matters Policy
GDC states that parole-related concerns, including tentative parole month changes, are outside the Ombudsman unit's jurisdiction and should be directed to the Board of Pardons and Paroles.
GDC Grievance and Family Services phone: (404) 656-4661 Finding
A separate GDC contacts page titled 'Grievance and Family Services' lists a primary phone number of (404) 656-4661 and the same mailing address, 300 Patrol Road Forsyth, GA 31029, as the Ombudsman and Inmate Affairs Office page.
Maryland OCO published Annual Reports for 2024 and 2025 Policy
Maryland's Office of the Correctional Ombudsman has published an Annual Report for 2024 and an Annual Report for 2025, listed among its posted reports.
Minnesota Ombudsman for Corrections established 1972 by executive order, 1973 by legislature Legal fact
Minnesota's Ombudsman for Corrections was first established in 1972 by Governor Wendell Anderson in Executive Order 14 as an independent agency in the executive branch, and the Legislature created the Ombudsman for Corrections as an independent agen…
New Jersey Chapter 288 searched for agency response deadline language: no match Data gap
A search of New Jersey Chapter 288 (pub.njleg.gov, retrieved 2026-09-23) for 'within 10 days', 'within 30 days', 'respond to the complainant within', and 'shall respond within' returned no match.
GDC instructs families to exhaust facility-level grievance first Policy
GDC tells families that if an inmate has concerns not being addressed, they should first try to handle it at the facility level by filing a grievance and/or contacting staff in order ending with Ombudsman staff.
Federal Prison Oversight Act: DOJ Ombudsman established outside BOP Legal fact
The Federal Prison Oversight Act requires the Attorney General to establish an Ombudsman within the Department of Justice, not within the Bureau of Prisons itself. The establishment must occur not later than 1 year after the date of enactment.
Maryland statutory annual reporting requirement codified at State Government Article 9-4006 Legal fact
Maryland's statutory annual reporting requirement for the Office of the Correctional Ombudsman is currently codified at State Government Article section 9-4006, requiring a report to the Governor and General Assembly on or before December 31 each ye…
Minnesota corrections ombudsman eliminated 2003, re-created 2019, opened 2020 Legal fact
Minnesota's original corrections ombudsman office was eliminated by the legislature in 2003, and in 2019 the Minnesota Legislature re-created the Office of the Ombuds for Corrections by enacting Minnesota Statutes Chapter 241.90-95, with the office …
Virginia Ombudsman first annual report issued December 23, 2024 Case detail
Virginia's Ombudsman Unit issued its first annual report on December 23, 2024.
Washington RCW 43.06C.040 searched for subpoena power language: no match (first search) Data gap
A search of Washington RCW 43.06C.040 (app.leg.wa.gov, retrieved 2026-09-23) for 'subpoena', 'compel', and 'subpoena power' returned no match.
Escalation order for inmate concerns Policy
GDC lists the escalation order for inmate concerns as: Inmate's Counselor, Chief Counselor, Deputy Warden of Care & Treatment, Warden, and then Ombudsman staff.
FPOA: DOJ Inspector General to conduct periodic BOP facility inspections Legal fact
Under the Federal Prison Oversight Act, the DOJ Inspector General is directed to conduct periodic inspections of Bureau of Prisons covered facilities.
Maryland OCO collected approximately 1,978 complaints since October Statistic
The Maryland Office of the Correctional Ombudsman's complaint process has collected approximately 1,978 complaints filed with OCO, including 1457 complaints on the DPSCS side (Correctional Oversight) and 511 complaints filed on the DJS side (Juvenil…
1,978 complaints
New Jersey Ombudsperson received 13,116 contacts in FY2025 Statistic
From July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025, the New Jersey Office of the Corrections Ombudsperson received 13,116 contacts, about 50 per workday, from incarcerated people and their loved ones reporting concerns and requesting assistance.
13,116 contacts vs. contacts per workday
Virginia Ombudsman complaint categories FY2025 Statistic
Of Virginia's Corrections Ombudsman Unit's complaints, 500 concerned non-covered issues, 405 concerned denial or violation of rights, 372 concerned medical healthcare, and 370 concerned the VADOC Administrative Remedies Process.
500 complaints (non-covered issues) vs. denial/violation of rights complaints
Washington RCW 43.06C.040 searched for subpoena power language: no match (second search) Data gap
A second search of Washington RCW 43.06C.040 (app.leg.wa.gov, retrieved 2026-09-23) for 'subpoena', 'compel testimony', and 'compel production' returned no match.
GDC prefers grievance process before Ombudsman contact Policy
GDC states inmates may write to the Ombudsman staff but GDC prefers inmates use the inmate grievance process first, reserving direct Ombudsman contact for issues requiring immediate attention.
FPOA: BOP must submit corrective action plan within 60 days of IG report Legal fact
Under the Federal Prison Oversight Act, the Bureau of Prisons must respond in writing with a corrective action plan not later than 60 days after the Inspector General issues an inspection report.
Maryland OCO received 11 complaints/inquiries in annual report Statistic
Maryland's Office of the Correctional Ombudsman's annual report states the office received a total of 11 complaints/inquiries, broken down by facility.
11 complaints/inquiries
New Jersey Dignity Act grants Ombudsperson broad access to facilities, people, records Legal fact
The New Jersey Dignity Act provides the Office of the Corrections Ombudsperson broad access to facilities, people, and records.
Virginia Ombudsman complaint backlog as of June 30, 2025 Statistic
As of June 30, 2025, 311 of Virginia's Ombudsman Unit's complaints were awaiting the Ombudsman's action to conclude the case, and 550 complaints remained under preliminary review.
311 complaints awaiting action vs. complaints under preliminary review
GDC FAQ says GDC created the Ombudsman Unit Finding
GDC's own FAQ page states the Ombudsman Unit was created by the Georgia Department of Corrections.
FPOA: IG and Ombudsman granted access to all BOP facilities upon demand Legal fact
Under the Federal Prison Oversight Act, both the Inspector General and the Ombudsman must be granted access, upon demand, in person or in writing and with or without prior notice, to all Bureau of Prisons facilities including all areas used by or ac…
Maryland OCO hiring for Deputy Ombudsman, Assistant AG, Assistant Ombudspersons Policy
Maryland's Office of the Correctional Ombudsman's report lists open hiring for a Deputy Ombudsman for Correctional Oversight, an Assistant Attorney General for the Office, and Assistant Ombudspersons, as positions that would be available in the new …
New Jersey Dignity Act gives Ombudsperson discretion to investigate complaints Legal fact
The New Jersey Dignity Act gives the Office of the Corrections Ombudsperson discretion to investigate complaints.
Virginia Ombudsman FY2025 report period Methodology note
Virginia's Fiscal Year 2025 Annual Corrections Ombudsman Report covers OSIG Corrections Ombudsman Unit activities from July 1, 2024 through June 2025.
GDC website reiterates Ombudsman cannot direct facilities within policy Policy
GDC's website states that if a facility is acting within policy, the Ombudsman unit does not have the authority to direct the facility to do otherwise.
FPOA: BOP record access within 30 business days, 10 for death/medical cases Legal fact
Under the Federal Prison Oversight Act, the Bureau of Prisons must provide the Inspector General or Ombudsman access to requested records not later than 30 business days after receipt of a written request, or 10 business days for records concerning …
Michigan legislative council establishes procedures for ombudsman budget and personnel Legal fact
Michigan's legislative council shall establish procedures for approving the budget of the office of the legislative corrections ombudsman, for expending its funds, and for employment of personnel for the office.
New Jersey Ombudsperson allocated to Treasury but independent of its supervision Legal fact
New Jersey's Office of the Corrections Ombudsperson was created when the functions, powers, and duties formerly vested in the Corrections Ombudsperson in the Department of the Public Advocate were transferred to and assumed by the Office of the Corr…
Virginia Ombudsman complaints closed FY2025 Statistic
The Virginia Ombudsman Unit closed eight complaints, and as of June 30, 2025, 311 complaints were awaiting the Ombudsman's action.
8 complaints closed vs. complaints awaiting action
Medical treatment escalation order includes Regional Director Policy
For a loved one not receiving proper medical treatment, GDC's website instructs families to contact staff in this order: Inmate's Counselor, Chief Counselor, Deputy Warden of Care & Treatment, Warden, Regional Director, and then Ombudsman staff.
FPOA: IG must submit report within 6 months of inspection completion Legal fact
Under the Federal Prison Oversight Act, the Inspector General must submit a report not later than 6 months after completing an inspection of a covered facility, or a group of inspections at more than 1 facility.
Michigan office of legislative corrections ombudsman created under act Legal fact
Michigan's 'office of the legislative corrections ombudsman' is created under this act.
New Jersey corrections ombudsperson appointed by Governor for five-year term Legal fact
New Jersey's corrections ombudsperson is appointed by the Governor from qualified persons of recognized judgment, independence, objectivity, and integrity, who are qualified by training or experience in corrections law and policy, and holds office f…
Virginia Ombudsman complaint receipt confirmation requirement Legal fact
Upon receipt of a complaint or inquiry submitted under Virginia's inmate and family support services provision, the Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman must confirm receipt of the complaint or inquiry.
Assault reporting instructions Policy
GDC's website states an inmate should immediately report any assaults to the counselor, Deputy Warden, and/or Warden, while family members may contact one of the above staff and/or the Ombudsman.
FPOA: Ombudsman must notify complainant in writing if declining to investigate Legal fact
Under the Federal Prison Oversight Act, if the Ombudsman declines to investigate or take action on a complaint, the Ombudsman must notify the complainant in writing.
Michigan ombudsman must notify complainant, prisoners, and department upon investigation Legal fact
Upon receiving a complaint from a legislator or a prisoner and deciding to investigate the complaint, Michigan's legislative corrections ombudsman shall notify the complainant, the prisoner or prisoners affected, and the department.
New Jersey Ombudsperson authorized to hold public hearings and subpoena witnesses Legal fact
New Jersey's corrections ombudsperson shall be authorized to hold public hearings, to subpoena witnesses and documents, and to require that witnesses testify under oath.
Washington corrections ombuds created within governor's office Legal fact
Washington's office of corrections ombuds was created within the office of the governor, subject to availability of appropriated funds, to provide information to inmates and families and promote public awareness of rights.
Ombudsman phone number (478) 992-5358 Policy
GDC's "Questions About Your Loved Ones" page lists a phone number of (478) 992-5358 for the Ombudsman and Inmate Affairs Office.
FPOA effective date: 90 days after appropriations made available Legal fact
The Federal Prison Oversight Act and its amendments take effect on the date that is 90 days after the date on which appropriations are made available to the DOJ Inspector General and the Department of Justice for the specific purpose of carrying out…
Michigan legislative council may hold hearings and subpoena on ombudsman request Legal fact
Upon request of Michigan's legislative corrections ombudsman, the legislative council (not the ombudsman directly) may hold a hearing and may administer oaths, subpoena witnesses, and examine the books and records of the department or of a person, p…
New Jersey agency must provide records access within 20 business days Legal fact
Following a written demand for access to agency records from New Jersey's corrections ombudsperson, delegated department staff must provide the ombudsperson with access to the requested documentation not later than 20 business days after the ombudsp…
Washington ombuds reports directly to governor, independent of secretary Legal fact
Washington's corrections ombuds reports directly to the governor and exercises powers and duties independently of the Secretary of Corrections.
Ombudsman mission statement Policy
GDC states the mission of the Ombudsman and Inmate Affairs Unit is to promote fairness, accountability and integrity by investigating public and offender grievances, appeals, and inquiries regarding unfair practices and non-compliance of policy.
Federal DOJ Ombudsman complaint eligibility expanded Legal fact
The federal DOJ Ombudsman may receive a complaint from an incarcerated person, a family advocate, a representative of an incarcerated person, staff, a representative of staff, a Member of Congress, or a member of the judicial branch of the Federal G…
Michigan ombudsman may request notification of action on recommendations Legal fact
Michigan's legislative corrections ombudsman may request to be notified by the department, within a specified time, of any action taken on any recommendation presented, and shall notify the complainant of the actions taken by the office and by the d…
New Jersey Ombudsperson right to access, inspect, copy department records Legal fact
New Jersey's corrections ombudsperson has the right to access, inspect, and copy all relevant information, records, or documents in the possession or control of the department that the ombudsperson considers necessary in an investigation of a compla…
Washington ombuds reasonable access to facilities for abuse/neglect investigations Legal fact
Washington's corrections ombuds must have reasonable access to correctional facilities at all times necessary to conduct a full investigation of an incident of abuse or neglect, including the opportunity to interview any inmate, department employee,…
Ombudsman complaint submission methods Policy
GDC's Ombudsman fact sheet states complaints may be submitted via written letter to 300 Patrol Road, Forsyth, Georgia 31029, by email at ombudsman@gdc.ga.gov, or by calling 478-992-5358.
Federal DOJ Ombudsman prohibited from levying fees Legal fact
The federal DOJ Ombudsman may not levy any fees for the submission or investigation of complaints.
Michigan ombudsman must submit report within 30 days of completing investigation Legal fact
Michigan's legislative corrections ombudsman shall prepare and submit a report of the findings of an investigation and make recommendations to the council within 30 days after completing the investigation, if the ombudsman finds certain matters requ…
New Jersey Ombudsperson reorganization law P.L.2019 c.288 approved January 9, 2020 Legal fact
The New Jersey law reorganizing the Office of the Corrections Ombudsperson, P.L.2019, c.288, was approved January 9, 2020.
Washington DOC 20-business-day records access deadline for ombuds Legal fact
Following a written demand for access to agency records from Washington's corrections ombuds, delegated department staff must provide the ombuds with access to the requested documentation not later than twenty business days after the ombuds' written…
Ombudsman fact sheet lists Matthew Wolfe as Director Policy
GDC's Ombudsman fact sheet lists "Tyrone Oliver, Commissioner" and "Matthew Wolfe, Director". The fact sheet does not say what Mr. Wolfe directs.
Federal Ombudsman must state reasons when declining to investigate Legal fact
The federal Ombudsman, when declining to investigate, must state the decision not to investigate or take any action and the reasons for the decision.
Michigan ombudsman has access to prisoner medical, mental health, mortality records Legal fact
Upon request and without the requirement of any release, Michigan's legislative corrections ombudsman shall be given access to and physical or electronic copies of all information, records, and documents in the possession of the department that the …
New Jersey corrections ombudsperson reports directly to the Governor Legal fact
New Jersey's corrections ombudsperson shall report directly to the Governor.
Washington ombuds right to access, inspect, and copy department records Legal fact
Washington's corrections ombuds has the right to access, inspect, and copy all relevant information, records, or documents in the possession or control of the department that the ombuds considers necessary in an investigation of a complaint, and the…
Ombudsman office contact phone number Policy
GDC's Ombudsman and Inmate Affairs Office contact page lists (478) 992-5358 as its phone number.
Federal Ombudsman must confirm complaint receipt within 5 business days Legal fact
Not later than 5 business days after submission of a complaint or inquiry, the federal Ombudsman shall confirm receipt.
Michigan ombudsman granted entrance to inspect premises without notice Legal fact
Upon request and without notice, Michigan's legislative corrections ombudsman must be granted entrance to inspect at any time any premises under the control of the department.
New Jersey Ombudsperson annual report due November 1, disaggregated by facility Legal fact
New Jersey's corrections ombudsperson must, by November 1st of each year, annually submit to the Governor's office and the Legislature, and make publicly available, a report that is both aggregated and disaggregated by each facility, including at mi…
Washington RCW 43.06C.050 enacted in 2018 Legal fact
This section of Washington's corrections ombuds law was enacted in 2018.
Separate Inmate Concerns phone number (404) 656-4661 Policy
GDC's site-wide footer, including on the Ombudsman office contact page and the 'Questions About Your Loved Ones' page, publishes a separate 'Inmate Concerns / Questions' phone number of (404) 656-4661, distinct from the Ombudsman line.
Federal Ombudsman must determine action warranted within 15 business days Legal fact
Not later than 15 business days after issuing the confirmation of receipt, the federal Ombudsman shall make a determination as to whether any action is warranted and notify the complainant.
Michigan ombudsman correspondence with prisoners is confidential and privileged Legal fact
Under Michigan's ombudsman statute, correspondence between the ombudsman and a prisoner is confidential and must be processed as privileged correspondence in the same manner as letters between prisoners and courts, attorneys, or public officials.
New Jersey Ombudsperson reports public, online, distributed to media and officials Legal fact
New Jersey's corrections ombudsperson's reports shall be public, accessible through the Internet, and distributed to the media, Legislature, Attorney General, and Governor.
Washington ombuds annual report deadline November 1 Legal fact
Washington's corrections ombuds must submit annually to the governor's office, the legislature, and the statewide family council, by November 1st of each year, a report including the number of complaints received and resolved.
Ombudsman office contact details Policy
GDC's Ombudsman and Inmate Affairs Office contacts page lists a primary phone number of (478) 992-5358, but also lists a separate number "Inmate Concerns / Questions: (404) 656-4661" and a mailing address of 300 Patrol Road, Forsyth, GA 31029.
July 2025: Congress directed BOP to fully implement FPOA including ombudsman office Policy
In July 2025, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees included language in the annual DOJ funding bills directing the Bureau of Prisons to fully implement the Federal Prison Oversight Act, including by creating the ombudsman office. The Brenn…
Michigan Legislative Corrections Ombudsman Act enacted in 1975 as Act 46 Legal fact
Michigan's Legislative Corrections Ombudsman Act, enacted in 1975 as Act 46, created the office of the legislative corrections ombudsman within the legislative council, with the ombudsman appointed by and serving at the pleasure of the council.
New Jersey Ombudsperson must establish complaint procedures for inmates and public Legal fact
The New Jersey Corrections Ombudsperson shall establish and implement procedures for eliciting, receiving, processing, responding, and resolving complaints from inmates, their families, other interested citizens, public officials, and government age…
Washington ombuds annual report required contents Legal fact
Washington's ombuds must submit an annual report to the governor's office, the legislature, and the statewide family council by November 1st of each year, including the budget, the number of complaints received and resolved, descriptions of signific…
Georgia OIG directs corrections complaints to GDC's own Office of Professional Standards Policy
The Georgia Office of the Inspector General's public list of "Other Investigative Agencies" directs corrections-related complaints to GDC's own Office of Professional Standards, describing it as an agency that "Examines operations, gathers informati…
Federal DOJ Ombudsman unfunded as of last NRCCO update; Jan 2026 Congress directive Data gap
Due to a lack of funding, the federal DOJ Ombudsman created by the Federal Prison Oversight Act had not yet begun its statutorily specified activities as of the NRCCO record's last update. In January 2026, Congress directed the DOJ to establish the …
Michigan ombudsman must submit annual report to legislative council and legislature Legal fact
Under Michigan's ombudsman statute, the ombudsman must submit to the legislative council and the legislature an annual report on the conduct of the office.
New Jersey facility administrators must publicly respond to monitoring reports and file action plans Legal fact
Facility administrators in New Jersey shall publicly respond to monitoring reports, develop and implement in a timely fashion action plans to rectify problems identified in those reports, and semi-annually inform the public of their progress in impl…
Washington 90-business-day limit on preventing inmate complaints Legal fact
Under Washington's OCO statute, an inmate may not be prevented from filing a complaint with the ombuds more than ninety business days after filing an internal grievance, regardless of whether the department has completed its internal process.
FY2010 Ombudsman responded to 3,211 requests Statistic
GDC's FY2010 Annual Report states the Office of the Ombudsman responded to 3,211 requests for assistance from concerned family and friends of offenders and provided assistance in resolving their concerns and issues.
3,211 requests
Maryland Correctional Ombudsman Unit created under State Government Article Sections 9-3801 to 9-3808 Legal fact
Maryland's Correctional Ombudsman Unit was created by adding Sections 9-3801 through 9-3808 to the State Government Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland under a new subtitle for the Office of the Correctional Ombudsman Unit.
Michigan prisoners protected from penalty for filing complaints or cooperating with ombudsman Legal fact
Under Michigan's ombudsman statute, a prisoner must not be penalized in any way by an official or the department as a result of filing a complaint, complaining to a legislator, or cooperating with the ombudsman in investigating a complaint, and a pe…
New Jersey Ombudsperson statute amends P.L.2005 c.155 Legal fact
New Jersey's statute strengthening the Corrections Ombudsperson amends P.L.2005, c.155, and supplements Title 30 and Title 52 of the Revised Statutes.
Washington OCO FY2025 cases opened and calls answered Statistic
In Fiscal Year 2025 (July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025), Washington's Office of the Corrections Ombuds opened 3,767 cases representing complaints from, or about, 2089 incarcerated individuals, resolved 3,785 complaints, and answered 4,773 calls.
3,767 cases opened vs. calls answered
Ombudsman/Inmate Affairs placed under Public Affairs in FY2010 Policy
In GDC's FY2010 Annual Report org listing, Ombudsman/Inmate Affairs is placed under Public Affairs within the Operations, Planning & Training Division.
Maryland Correctional Ombudsman Unit is independent unit within Attorney General's Office Legal fact
Maryland's Office of the Correctional Ombudsman Unit is established as an independent unit of state government within the Office of the Attorney General.
Michigan LCO annual report currently part of Legislative Council Agency Report Policy
Michigan's Legislative Corrections Ombudsman currently releases its annual report to the Legislature as part of the Legislative Council Agency Report.
Virginia Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman created within State Inspector General Legal fact
Virginia's Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman was created within the Office of the State Inspector General.
Washington OCO FY2025 cases representing incarcerated individuals Statistic
In Fiscal Year 2025 (July 1, 2024, through June 30, 2025), Washington's Office of the Corrections Ombuds opened 3,767 cases representing complaints from, or about, 2,089 incarcerated individuals.
3,767 cases vs. incarcerated individuals represented
Matthew Charles testimony on independent ombudsman models Quote
Matthew Charles, Senior Policy Advisor with Families Against Mandatory Minimums, told the Georgia Senate DOC study committee that "the oversight model is present in Indiana, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia" and that "such ombudsmen are indepe…
Maryland Correctional Ombudsman may subpoena sworn testimony and documentary evidence Legal fact
Maryland's Correctional Ombudsman Unit/Office may subpoena an individual to appear to give sworn testimony or produce documentary evidence that is reasonably necessary to carry out the unit's duties.
Minnesota Office of Ombudsperson for Corrections created by law, appointed by governor Legal fact
Minnesota's Office of Ombudsperson for the Department of Corrections was created by law, with the ombudsperson appointed by the governor and removable only for just cause.
Virginia Ombudsman statute enacted 2024 by chapters 392 and 393 Legal fact
Virginia's Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman statute was enacted in 2024 by chapters 392 and 393 of the Acts of Assembly.
Georgia GDC board minutes searched for ombudsman references: no match Data gap
Searches of Georgia Board of Corrections meeting minutes from April 2026, December 2024, January 2023, March 2024, March 2026, November 2025, and September 2024 for 'ombudsman' and 'Inmate Affairs' returned no matches.
Senate committee recommends audit of vendor contract renewals Policy
The Senate Supporting Safety and Welfare of All Individuals in Department of Corrections Study Committee's final report recommended asking the Georgia Department of Audits to review all contract renewals for the past five years to see if there is a …
Maryland court may compel compliance with Ombudsman subpoena, punish as contempt Legal fact
If an individual fails or refuses to comply with a subpoena issued by Maryland's Correctional Ombudsman Office, a court of competent jurisdiction, on the application of the Office, may issue an attachment for the individual and compel the individual…
Minnesota Minn. Stat. 241.90 enacted new in 2019 Legal fact
Minn. Stat. 241.90 was enacted new in 2019.
Virginia Ombudsman selected by the State Inspector General Legal fact
The Virginia Ombudsman is directed by a Department of Corrections Ombudsman selected by the State Inspector General.
Georgia GDC annual fiscal reports searched for ombudsman references: no match Data gap
Searches of GDC Annual Fiscal Reports for FY2025 and FY2016 for 'ombudsman', 'Inmate Affairs', and 'Office of the Ombudsman' returned no matches.
Georgia Code searched for a corrections ombudsman: no match Data gap
A full-text search of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated (as of the October 2025 official release plus the 2026 session's acts) for "ombudsman" and "ombudsperson" found the word in ten sections, all about two other offices: the long-term care om…
Matthew Charles testimony on federal Prison Oversight Act of 2024 Quote
Matthew Charles, Senior Policy Advisor with Families Against Mandatory Minimums, told the Georgia Senate DOC study committee that the federal Prison Oversight Act (FPOA) of 2024 "calls for independent prison oversight through an ombudsman and regula…
Maryland Ombudsman may interview personnel and confined individuals, access records, perform unannounced inspections Legal fact
Maryland's Correctional Ombudsman Office may interview agency personnel or any individual confined by an agency, access any records maintained by an agency, and perform unannounced site visits and on-site inspections of facilities maintained by an a…
Minnesota ombudsperson may subpoena and seek court enforcement Legal fact
Minnesota's ombudsperson for corrections may subpoena any person to appear, give testimony, or produce documentary or other evidence deemed relevant to a matter under inquiry, and may petition the appropriate state court to seek enforcement of the s…
Virginia Ombudsman office may subpoena Department records and staff Legal fact
Virginia's corrections Ombudsman office has the power to issue a subpoena to the Department of Corrections for records, documents or data, and for staff or contractors to appear and provide information.
Georgia GDC policies and procedures searched for ombudsman references: no match Data gap
Searches of GDC Policies and Procedures, GAC Subject 125-1-1 ORGANIZATION, GAC Subject 125-1-2 ADMINISTRATION, and Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia for 'ombudsman', 'constituent services', 'inmate affairs', and 'grievance' returned no m…
HB 1504 sponsors Legal fact
Georgia House Bill 1504 was sponsored "By: Representatives McLaurin of the 51st, Schofield of the 60th, Beverly of the 143rd, Mitchell of the 106th, Kennard of the 102nd, and others."
Maryland agencies must respond in writing within 45 days to Ombudsman reports Legal fact
If a Maryland state agency is required to respond to a report from the Correctional Ombudsman Office, the agency must provide a written response within 45 days after receipt of the report. (The bill text shows an amendment from 30 to 45 days.)
Minnesota ombudsperson may examine records and inspect premises at any time Legal fact
Minnesota's ombudsperson for corrections may examine the records and documents of an administrative agency and may enter and inspect, at any time, premises within the control of an administrative agency.
Virginia Ombudsman office has reasonable access to all DOC facilities including inmate areas Legal fact
Virginia's corrections Ombudsman office has reasonable access to all Department of Corrections facilities, including areas used by or accessible to inmates and inmate programs, at reasonable times including normal working and visiting hours.
Georgia audit reports searched for ombudsman references: no match Data gap
Searches of Georgia Department of Audits Follow-Up Review 14-02 (June 2014), Follow-Up Review Report No. 16-03 (May 2016), and Special Examination Report No. 18-12 (December 2018) for 'ombudsman', 'grievance', 'complaint', and 'inmate affairs' retur…
HB 1504 purpose to create Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman Legal fact
The bill proposed "to create the Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman; to provide for its powers, duties, and responsibilities."
Maryland Ombudsman must inform complainant of conclusions, recommendations, actions after investigation Legal fact
On completion of an investigation based on a complaint, Maryland's Correctional Ombudsman Office must promptly inform the complainant of any conclusions, recommendations, and actions taken in response to the complaint.
Virginia DOC must provide Ombudsman records access within 20 days Legal fact
Under Virginia law, the Department of Corrections must provide the Ombudsman's office access to requested records no later than 20 days after receipt of a written request.
Georgia DOJ findings report searched for ombudsman references: no match Data gap
A search of the DOJ findings report investigation of Georgia prisons for 'ombudsman' and 'Inmate Affairs' returned no matches.
HB 1504 introduced to amend Title 50 O.C.G.A. Legal fact
A House Bill titled "Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman; create" was introduced in the Georgia General Assembly by Representatives McLaurin, Schofield, Beverly, Mitchell, Kennard and others, to amend Title 50 of the O.C.G.A. to create…
Maryland Ombudsman must promptly inform complainant of decision not to investigate Legal fact
Maryland's Correctional Ombudsman Office must promptly inform a complainant of a decision not to investigate a complaint.
Virginia DOC must respond to inspection reports within 30 days with corrective action plan Legal fact
Virginia's Department of Corrections must respond in writing to each inspection report issued by the Ombudsman's office within 30 days of issuance, including a corrective action plan.
HB 1504 last action: House Second Readers Legal fact
GA HB1504's last recorded legislative action was "House Second Readers (on 03/08/2022)."
Maryland Ombudsman must report annually to Governor and General Assembly by December 31 Legal fact
On or before December 31 each year, Maryland's Correctional Ombudsman Office must report to the Governor and, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly.
Virginia Ombudsman annual report due December 31 to Governor, AG, committees, Director Legal fact
Virginia's Ombudsman office must produce an annual report delivered to the Governor, the Attorney General, the Senate Committee on Rehabilitation and Social Services, the House Committee on Public Safety, the Corrections Oversight Committee and the …
Georgia GDC ombudsman brochure searched for grievance timeline terms: no match Data gap
A search of the archived GDC ombudsman brochure FAQ for 'business days', 'calendar days', 'within 24 hours', and 'respond within' returned no matches.
HB 1504 status: Dead as of 04/04/2022 Legal fact
BillTrack50 lists GA HB1504's status as Dead as of 04/04/2022.
Virginia Ombudsman must notify complainant in writing if declining to investigate Legal fact
If Virginia's Ombudsman office declines to investigate a complaint, it must notify the complainant in writing of the decision and the reasons for it.
Georgia GDC PowerDMS document searched for ombudsman references: no match Data gap
A search of a Georgia Department of Corrections PowerDMS document for 'ombudsman', 'Inmate Affairs', and 'Ombudsman Unit' returned no matches.
HB 1504 introduced and dead within 2021-2022 Regular Session Legal fact
BillTrack50's tracker for GA HB1504 ("Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman; create") lists it as introduced and dead within the 2021-2022 Regular Session.
Sources
66 cited sources backing this research.
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Key Entities
Organizations, people, facilities, and other named entities referenced in this research.
Brennan Center for Justice
[organization]
Bureau of Prisons
[organization]
Della Newsome
[person]
Department of Justice
[organization]
DOJ Inspector General
[organization]
Families Against Mandatory Minimums
[organization]
Federal Prison Oversight Act
[legislation]
Federal Prison Oversight Act of 2024
[legislation]
GDC Grievance and Family Services
[program]
GDC Office of Professional Standards
[organization]
GDC Ombudsman and Inmate Affairs Office
[program]
GDC Ombudsman and Inmate Affairs Unit
[organization]
Georgia Board of Corrections
[organization]
Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles
[organization]
Georgia Department of Audits
[organization]
Georgia Department of Corrections
[organization]
Georgia House Bill 1504
[legislation]
Georgia Office of the Inspector General
[organization]
Georgia Prisoners' Speak
[organization]
Georgia Senate Department of Corrections Facilities Study Committee
[organization]
Georgia Senate DOC Study Committee
[organization]
H.R. 3019
[legislation]
John Albers
[person]
Legislative Corrections Ombudsman Act
[legislation]
Maryland Office of the Correctional Ombudsman
[organization]
Maryland Office of the Correctional Ombudsman Unit
[program]
Matthew Charles
[person]
Matthew Wolfe
[person]
Michigan Legislative Corrections Ombudsman
[organization]
Michigan Legislative Corrections Ombudsman Act (Act 46 of 1975)
[legislation]
Michigan S.B. 156
[legislation]
Minn. Stat. 241.90
[legislation]
Minn. Stat. 241.93
[legislation]
Minnesota Office of Ombudsperson for the Department of Corrections
[organization]
Minnesota Office of the Ombuds for Corrections
[organization]
Minnesota Ombudsman for Corrections
[program]
Minnesota Statute Sec. 241.93
[legislation]
Minnesota Statutes Chapter 241.90-95
[legislation]
New Jersey Chapter 288 (P.L. 2019)
[legislation]
New Jersey Corrections Ombudsman
[program]
New Jersey Dignity Act
[legislation]
New Jersey Office of the Corrections Ombudsperson
[organization]
NRCCO
[organization]
P.L.2019, c.288
[legislation]
Randy Robertson
[person]
Tyrone Oliver
[person]
U.S. Department of Justice
[organization]
Virginia Department of Corrections
[organization]
Virginia Office of the Department of Corrections Ombudsman
[organization]
Virginia Office of the State Inspector General
[organization]
Washington Department of Corrections
[organization]
Washington Office of the Corrections Ombuds
[organization]
Washington RCW 43.06C.040
[legislation]
Washington State Corrections Ombudsman
[program]
Wendell Anderson
[person]
WES MOORE, Governor Ch. 836
[legislation]
Related Topics
Research topics that draw on data from this collection.
Oversight & Accountability
Georgia operates one of the nation's largest prison systems with no independent oversight body of any kind — no external ombudsman, no corrections inspector general, no oversight commission, and no public spending or outcome reporting requirement. The October 2024 DOJ CRIPA findings documented Eighth Amendment violations across the system and recommended 82 remedial measures; as of 2026 no consent decree has been reached and no enforcement action filed. Every accountability mechanism that does exist — the grievance procedure, death investigation, accreditation, and staff discipline — is controlled by the same agency under investigation.
11,391 data points
Prison Labor & Economics
Georgia pays incarcerated workers nothing for regular prison jobs, making it one of roughly seven states with a zero-wage prison labor system even as its correctional industries post tens of millions in revenue and its counties capture an estimated $100 million or more annually in free labor. The state then extracts again through a commissary system whose markups run from 67 percent to 1,150 percent above retail, funded almost entirely by families who spend a median of $172 a month and $4,200 a year to keep loved ones fed and clean. The result, documented across 33 GPS research collections, is a closed economic loop running from the 1866 convict lease system to the 2010 prison strike whose nine demands remain unmet as of 2026.
3,864 data points