Money & Exploitation

Georgia’s Prison Commissary Extraction Machine

152 Data Points 24 Sources 41 Entities Research Date: Nov 20, 2025

The Prison Policy Initiative's May 2024 'Shadow Budgets' report reveals that at least 49 state prison systems operate opaque Inmate Welfare Funds, collectively receiving an estimated $2.7–$3 billion annually from commissary markups, communications kickbacks, and other fees extracted from incarcerated people. Georgia's welfare fund lacks routine reporting or audit requirements, with oversight triggered only by fraud, personnel changes, or funding shortages, and the state does not require public posting of audits. The report documents a Fulton County jail abuse case where tens of thousands in welfare funds were spent on staff holiday parties and entertainment, and identifies structural reliance on these funds to offset legislatively appropriated budgets, making this a critical open-records target for GPS to trace GDC's specific revenue streams and expenditures.

Where this research is used

This page is a research collection: individual facts drawn from the sources listed further down, each traced to where it came from. A research topic brings many collections together into one overview of an issue. The facts on this page feed these 10 topics; open one to see how they fit with the rest of the evidence.

Budget & Spending

Georgia's prison budget rose from $1.53 billion in fiscal 2024 to an all-time peak of $1.91 billion in fiscal 2025, then settled near $1.79 billion for fiscal 2027. Across that arc the money moved toward health contracts, private beds and surveillance technology while the state-operated prison program, food service and education shrank. GPS's own budget series has since corrected several of its earlier headline claims, and the gap between what the state appropriates and what it can show for it remains the central accountability problem.

11,375 data points

Communications & Technology

Georgia's prison communications system runs through a single vendor family — Securus Technologies for phone calls, its subsidiary JPay for tablets, email and money transfers — under a contract that pays the state 59.6 percent of gross call revenue. Families pay per-minute charges, per-stamp email fees, transfer fees and tablet content prices that bear little relation to consumer telecom costs, while the state simultaneously spends roughly $50 million on managed access systems meant to block the contraband phones that compete with that paid network. GPS's research finds the blocking approach has not reduced phone-related incidents, has produced no accountability for staff smuggling, and rests on tens of millions of dollars in procurement that left no public paper trail.

3,852 data points

Healthcare & Medical Neglect

Georgia's prison healthcare system fails the constitutional floor on a documented, repeated basis: the federal Department of Justice concluded in October 2024 that medical care in Georgia prisons is 'abhorrent,' 'life-threatening' and unconstitutional, with people waiting months for treatment and roughly 10% of those with Hepatitis C or HIV receiving it. The state has outsourced the duty to a succession of contractors — Georgia Correctional HealthCare until 2021, Wellpath for three years, and Centurion Health since July 2024 under a $2.40 billion nine-year contract — while the Health program appropriation reached $432,247,728 for fiscal year 2027. What the record leaves is a delivery system that cannot staff itself, a mortality record the Department stopped explaining in March 2024, and named dead people whose settlements the state pays years later.

4,808 data points

Oversight & Accountability

Georgia operates one of the largest prison systems in the United States with no independent body empowered to inspect it, investigate it, or publish what it finds. Every accountability mechanism that exists — the Office of Professional Standards, the internal grievance process, the PREA audit cycle, the state's own ombudsman line — sits inside the Georgia Department of Corrections and answers to its Commissioner. This page documents that vacuum, the federal and judicial oversight that has episodically filled it, the data systems that keep its failures invisible, and the reform models that 19 to 20 other states and the District of Columbia have already adopted.

5,913 data points

Policy & Advocacy

Georgia's policy and advocacy landscape is defined by a paradox: a decade of bipartisan sentencing reform that measurably reduced incarceration and racial disparity, followed by a sharp reversal toward prison construction, surveillance technology, and record spending attached to no independent oversight. Legislative victories on wrongful conviction compensation, survivor justice, and out-of-time appeals sit alongside bills that died in the last minutes of session — an independent prison ombudsman, restrictive housing limits, parole transparency — and a post-conviction system the Chief Justice of Georgia calls 'a mess' that only the legislature can fix. The 2026 statewide elections and an unresolved federal investigation are the two live pressure points advocates are organizing around.

7,412 data points

Population & Demographics

Georgia's prison population has travelled from roughly 3,000 people in 1925 to a peak above 54,000, and now sits somewhere between 47,000 and 53,000 depending on which counting rule is used. That population is about 60 percent Black in a state that is about 33 percent Black, is aging faster than the national average, and holds a life-sentenced population that grew while the rest of the country's shrank. This page assembles the trend lines, the demographic splits, and the definitional disagreements that make Georgia's population numbers hard to pin down.

7,570 data points

Prison Labor & Economics

Georgia operates one of the largest uncompensated prison labor systems in the United States: roughly 80% of able-bodied incarcerated people work, and the state pays $0 for routine assignments. The savings are captured by state and county government while the costs are pushed onto the families of incarcerated people, who fund commissary purchases at markups documented between 67% and 1,150% above retail. In 2024 alone Georgia extracted $18.76 million in commissary profit from people who work for free — and then raised prices roughly 30% in November 2025.

3,864 data points

Prison Nutrition in Georgia

Food adequacy, meal cost, commissary substitution, and nutrition-related health harms in Georgia prisons.

934 data points

Racial Disparities

Black Georgians are roughly a third of the state's population and roughly 60 percent of its prisoners, a gap that widens at every deeper point in the system — arrest, conviction, life sentences, solitary confinement, and exoneration. This page assembles the measured disparity across 23 GPS research collections, from the Black Codes and convict leasing to 2025 prison admissions data, and flags where Georgia's own reporting stops short of what the numbers would require.

2,134 data points

Women's Incarceration

Georgia holds about 3,850 women in its prisons — 7.46% of the state prison population and a sevenfold increase since 1978 — at a rate of 177 per 100,000 female residents, far above the national state-prison average of roughly 51. Five state prisons and a single 64-bed medical unit hold them, and the system is simultaneously over capacity at Emanuel and Whitworth and more than half empty at McRae, a $130 million former private prison. The documented record on health care, mental health, deaths, motherhood and domestic-violence survivorship shows a system that has added beds and contracts far faster than it has added care, and that still does not publish the data needed to measure the difference.

2,325 data points

49 Number of prison systems with inmate welfare funds $0.90 Ramen retail vs. commissary price 39 Prison systems drawing welfare fund revenue from … $4.00 Generic ibuprofen commissary price 19 Prison systems drawing welfare fund revenue from … 16 Prison systems drawing welfare fund revenue from …

Key Findings

The most impactful data from this research collection. Tap a card for the full finding, GPS commentary on why it matters, and its source.

All Data Points

152 verified data points extracted from primary sources.

Number of prison systems with inmate welfare funds Statistic

At least 49 state prison systems and the federal Bureau of Prisons have some form of inmate welfare fund; PPI notes that likely all prison systems have one.

49 prison systems

policy budget operations

Ramen retail vs. commissary price Statistic

Georgia charges incarcerated people $0.90 for a 3oz packet of Maruchan ramen that costs $0.15 at Walmart (per-unit in bulk) or $0.31 per packet in a 12-pack at Walmart.

$0.90 USD per packet vs. 0.2 Walmart retail equivalent

commissary pricing ramen markup food exploitation

Prison systems drawing welfare fund revenue from commissary Statistic

39 prison systems draw revenue for their welfare funds from commissary purchases.

39 prison systems

budget operations policy

Generic ibuprofen commissary price Statistic

Inmates pay $4.00 for 20-24 tablets of generic 200mg ibuprofen that costs $0.40-$0.48 at Walmart retail (calculated from 100-tablet bottles at $2.00).

$4.00 USD per 20-24 tablet package vs. 0.4 Walmart retail equivalent for same quantity

commissary pricing ibuprofen healthcare markup exploitation

Prison systems drawing welfare fund revenue from communications kickbacks Statistic

19 prison systems draw revenue from communications kickbacks, including telephone, email, and video calling user fees.

19 prison systems

budget operations policy

Travel toothpaste may be free promotional samples Finding

Georgia charges inmates $0.55 for 0.15-ounce toothpaste packets that appear to be free promotional samples provided to hotels and dental offices. The vendor pays Georgia just $0.13 per packet.

commissary pricing toothpaste promotional samples diversion hygiene

Prison systems drawing welfare fund revenue from trust account interest Statistic

16 prison systems draw revenue from interest earned on deposits into individual trust accounts.

16 prison systems

budget operations policy

Commissary markup range across 20 items Finding

Across 20 high-volume commissary staples investigated, inmates and their families face pricing that ranges from competitive with retail (hot sauce) to ten times retail cost (generic ibuprofen), with markups of 83-1,150% above retail prices.

commissary pricing markup range exploitation

Prison systems drawing welfare fund revenue from disciplinary fines Statistic

3 prison systems draw revenues from disciplinary fines.

3 prison systems

budget operations policy discipline

Estimated annual extraction on 20 items Statistic

The commissary system extracts an estimated $3-5 million annually on these 20 items alone from families who have no alternative but to pay.

3-5 million USD annually

commissary pricing revenue extraction annual

Prison systems allowing welfare fund spending on capital projects Statistic

9 prison systems can spend welfare fund money on capital projects such as construction, improvement, and maintenance of facilities.

9 prison systems

budget operations policy facilities

Ramen annual sales volume (single flavor) Statistic

2.3 million units of a single ramen flavor are sold annually through Georgia's commissary system.

2,300,000 units per year

commissary volume ramen sales data

Prison systems allowing welfare fund spending on educational programming Statistic

16 prison systems can spend welfare fund money on educational programming and related supplies.

16 prison systems

budget operations policy education

Beef sticks annual sales volume Statistic

Over 1 million beef sticks (1,062,560 units) are sold annually through Georgia's commissary system.

1,062,560 units per year

commissary volume beef sticks sales data

Prison systems with wide discretion in welfare fund spending Statistic

25 prison systems allow wide discretion in welfare fund expenditures by using language like 'primarily' or 'including but not limited to' in their policies.

25 prison systems

budget operations policy

Ramen vendor price vs true wholesale Statistic

Georgia's vendor (Georgia Commissary Suppliers/Stewart's Distribution) charges $0.40 per ramen packet when true institutional wholesale is $0.20-$0.25, representing a 60-100% vendor overcharge.

$0.40 USD per packet (vendor price) vs. 0.20-0.25 true institutional wholesale

vendor pricing ramen wholesale markup

Prison systems explicitly prohibiting certain welfare fund spending Statistic

Only 12 prison systems (24%) explicitly prohibit certain kinds of spending from inmate welfare funds.

12 prison systems

budget operations policy

Two-tier markup system description Finding

Georgia's commissary operates through a two-tier extraction system: First-tier markup is the vendor charging inflated 'wholesale' prices to the state; second-tier markup is the state charging inmates 54-323% more on top of already-inflated vendor costs.

commissary pricing two-tier markup extraction system vendor

Estimated national annual revenue from incarcerated people's purchases and fees Statistic

PPI estimates a low-end range of at least $2.7 billion to $3 billion per year in total annual revenues nationally for telecommunications, money transfers, and commissary purchases.

$3.0B USD vs. 2,700,000,000 low-end estimate

budget operations

Ramen markup: wholesale to inmate Statistic

The total markup from true wholesale to inmate pricing for ramen is 350% ($0.20 → $0.90).

350%

commissary pricing ramen markup wholesale

Prison systems with welfare fund boards or committees Statistic

Fourteen prison systems have some form of board or committee governing the inmate welfare fund.

14 prison systems

policy operations

Water markup over retail Statistic

Inmates pay $0.59 for a 16.9oz bottle of water versus $0.137 per bottle at Walmart (40-pack), a 331% markup over retail.

331%

commissary pricing water markup

Prison systems with incarcerated representatives on welfare fund boards Statistic

Only three prison systems — California, Minnesota, and Vermont — explicitly permit incarcerated representatives to participate on welfare fund governing boards.

3 prison systems

policy operations

Protein staple markups over retail Statistic

Protein staples face 175-257% markups over retail prices in the commissary.

175-257

commissary pricing protein tuna peanut butter markup

Georgia welfare fund reporting trigger conditions Finding

In Georgia, welfare-fund reporting is necessary only upon suspicion of fraud, changes in personnel managing the fund, or extensive funding shortages — there is no routine reporting or audit schedule.

policy budget data_gap operations

Hygiene items markup over institutional wholesale Statistic

Basic hygiene items face 267-1,812% markups over institutional bulk pricing.

267-1812

commissary pricing hygiene soap toothbrush markup

States requiring public posting of welfare fund audits Finding

Only five states — California, Kentucky, Maryland, Nevada, and Washington — require that prisons post welfare fund audits publicly within view of the incarcerated population; Georgia is not among them.

policy data_gap transparency

Ibuprofen vendor price markup over retail Statistic

The vendor charges Georgia $1.92 for generic ibuprofen (20-24 tablets) worth $0.40-$0.48 at retail—a 380% vendor markup before the state adds another 108% markup to reach $4.00.

380%

vendor pricing ibuprofen healthcare markup

Fulton County jail welfare fund misuse on staff holiday party Case detail

PPI documents reported misuse of tens of thousands of dollars from the Fulton County jail's welfare fund in Atlanta: $40,000 purchased gift cards from The Honey Baked Ham Company for a staff holiday party; $5,000 was set aside for a Thanksgiving giveaway; $2,600 was paid to florists; reporters additionally found expenses including a face painting booth, DJ services, and a tropical bounce house linked to employee events. This is a county jail fund, not a GDC fund.

corruption budget operations

Ibuprofen markup over Costco bulk pricing Statistic

Inmates pay $4.00 for generic ibuprofen, representing a 975-1,076% markup over Costco's 1000-tablet bulk pricing ($0.34-$0.41 for equivalent 20-24 tablets).

975-1076 vs. 0.34-0.41 Costco bulk equivalent for 20-24 tablets

commissary pricing ibuprofen Costco bulk pricing markup

Corrections agencies rely on welfare fund kickbacks to supplement legislatively appropriated budgets Finding

PPI documents that corrections agencies come to rely on kickbacks to supplement costs that should be paid from legislatively appropriated budgets — welfare funds represent a comparatively small proportion of corrections budgets, but the sums extracted from incarcerated people let jails and prisons avoid securing that money from lawmakers.

budget policy operations

Ibuprofen per-tablet cost comparison Statistic

Walmart charges $0.02 per 200mg ibuprofen tablet, while inmates pay $0.167-$0.20 per tablet—ten times retail.

0.167-0.20 USD per tablet (inmate price) vs. 0.0 Walmart per-tablet cost

commissary pricing ibuprofen per-tablet markup

Dauphin County PA welfare fund used for HVAC after hypothermia death Case detail

Documented out-of-state abuse pattern in Dauphin County, PA: half a million dollars from a welfare fund was allocated to fix an aging HVAC system after an incarcerated person died having twice developed hypothermia — essential facility expenditures shifted onto the incarcerated population's fund.

death facilities budget conditions

Travel toothpaste vendor cost Statistic

The vendor pays/charges Georgia $0.13 per 0.15oz toothpaste packet, while legitimate wholesale pricing is $0.28 per packet, suggesting the vendor may obtain promotional samples at no cost or salvage prices.

$0.13 USD per packet (vendor cost) vs. 0.3 legitimate wholesale pricing

vendor pricing toothpaste promotional samples travel size

Florida welfare fund excess revenue transfer to general fund Policy

In Florida, welfare-fund revenues in excess of $32 million must be sent to the state's general revenue fund.

budget policy

Travel toothpaste sales volume Statistic

3,510 units of 0.15oz travel toothpaste packets are sold through Georgia's commissary, generating nearly $2,000 in revenue from packets that may cost nothing to acquire.

3,510 units sold

commissary volume toothpaste travel size revenue

Arizona welfare fund transfer to corrections building renewal fund Policy

Arizona requires $500,000 transferred from its welfare fund to a corrections building renewal fund.

budget policy facilities

Travel toothpaste markup over vendor cost Statistic

The 323% markup over vendor cost for travel toothpaste could be infinite if these are free promotional samples.

323%

commissary pricing toothpaste markup promotional samples

Sample welfare fund revenue sources across prison systems Finding

Sample revenue sources documented across systems include: commissary purchases and refund surcharges; phone system, kiosk, tablet, and vending machine revenue; hobbycraft sales; donations; interest on trust accounts; contraband money; abandoned property; postage; photo ticket sales to visitors.

budget operations policy

Bar soap institutional wholesale cost Statistic

WebstaurantStore sells hotel-grade 0.5-0.8 oz wrapped soap bars in bulk cases for $0.08-$0.14 per bar, while Georgia pays vendors $0.54-$1.24 per bar.

0.08-0.14 USD per bar (institutional wholesale) vs. 0.54-1.24 Georgia vendor price per bar

vendor pricing bar soap institutional wholesale hygiene

GDC inmate welfare fund is an open records target for GPS Data gap

The GDC-specific question — what Georgia's state prison welfare fund takes in and spends — is an open records target. Recommended request: the statutory/policy basis, annual revenues by source (commissary commissions, telecommunications commissions, trust-account interest), annual expenditures by category, and any audits of GDC's inmate welfare fund or equivalent account, FY2019–FY2026.

data_gap budget operations

Bar soap markup: wholesale to inmate Statistic

Inmates pay $1.10-$2.25 for bar soap that costs $0.08-$0.14 at institutional wholesale, representing 575-1,812% markup over institutional wholesale and 13.75-28 times the true wholesale cost.

575-1812

commissary pricing bar soap markup hygiene dignity

Bar soap retail comparison Statistic

Irish Spring 12-packs at Walmart cost $0.66 per bar, while inmates pay $1.10-$2.25, representing 67-241% more than retail.

67-241

commissary pricing bar soap Walmart retail comparison

Toothbrush institutional wholesale cost Statistic

Bulk hygiene suppliers sell individually wrapped manual toothbrushes for $0.15-$0.40 each in cases of 100-1,000.

0.15-0.40 USD per toothbrush (bulk wholesale)

wholesale pricing toothbrush hygiene bulk

Toothbrush commissary markup Statistic

Inmates pay $1.10 for a toothbrush that costs $0.15-$0.40 at institutional wholesale (267-550% markup) and $0.47 at Target retail (134% markup). Georgia pays vendors $0.57 per toothbrush.

267-550

commissary pricing toothbrush markup hygiene

Tuna vendor cost exceeds retail Statistic

Georgia pays vendors $1.07-$1.81 per can of tuna when Sam's Club retail is $0.83-$0.91 per can—the state's 'wholesale' cost is 29-117% more than available retail prices.

1.07-1.81 USD per can (vendor cost) vs. 0.83-0.91 Sam's Club retail per can

vendor pricing tuna Sam's Club markup protein

Tuna inmate price markup over retail Statistic

Inmates pay $2.70-$3.20 for canned tuna that costs $0.98 at Walmart, representing 175-227% more than retail and 217-357% more than true institutional wholesale.

175-227 vs. 1.0 Walmart Great Value chunk light tuna

commissary pricing tuna markup protein

Peanut butter inmate price vs retail Statistic

Inmates pay $5.60 per 16-oz jar of peanut butter versus $2.18 for Walmart Great Value brand (157% markup) and $0.99 at Kroger sale prices (466% markup).

$5.60 USD per 16oz jar (inmate price) vs. 2.2 Walmart Great Value retail

commissary pricing peanut butter markup protein

Peanut butter vendor cost exceeds retail Statistic

Georgia pays vendors $2.60 per 16-oz jar of peanut butter, which is at or above retail pricing and 59% above Sam's Club retail ($1.63 per 16-oz equivalent).

$2.60 USD per jar (vendor cost) vs. 1.6 Sam's Club retail equivalent per 16oz

vendor pricing peanut butter markup

Tampon commissary price vs retail Statistic

Women inmates pay $3.40-$4.25 for 8-count tampon boxes when Walmart's Equate generic costs $1.20 for 8-count equivalent (183-254% overcharge).

3.40-4.25 USD per 8-count box (inmate price) vs. 1.2 Walmart Equate generic 8-count equivalent

commissary pricing tampons feminine hygiene markup healthcare

Monthly menstrual cost for incarcerated women Statistic

Average menstrual cycle requires 18-20 tampons monthly (2-3 boxes), costing women inmates $6.80-$12.75 per month at commissary prices versus $2.40-$3.60 their families could pay at retail.

6.80-12.75 USD per month (commissary) vs. 2.40-3.60 retail cost per month

commissary pricing tampons menstrual cost monthly women

Annual menstrual tax per woman Statistic

The annual 'menstrual tax' on incarcerated women is $50-120 per year ($66-92 in excess costs over retail), extracted solely because of incarceration.

50-120 USD per year excess cost

commissary pricing tampons menstrual tax women annual cost

Ramen Walmart 12-pack retail price Statistic

Walmart sells Maruchan ramen in 12-packs for $3.68 ($0.31 per packet).

$3.68 USD per 12-pack vs. 0.3 per packet

retail pricing ramen Walmart Maruchan

Ramen Kroger promotional price Statistic

Kroger runs regular promotions for Maruchan ramen at $0.25 per packet with no coupons required.

$0.25 USD per packet

retail pricing ramen Kroger promotional

Ramen Amazon Subscribe & Save price Statistic

Amazon Subscribe & Save offers Maruchan ramen 24-packs at $0.47 per packet.

$0.47 USD per packet

retail pricing ramen Amazon online

Ramen Bulkvana wholesale price Statistic

Restaurant supply distributor Bulkvana charges $0.314 per packet for ramen (publicly verified pricing).

$0.31 USD per packet

wholesale pricing ramen Bulkvana restaurant supply

Ramen Gordon Food Service retail foodservice price Statistic

Gordon Food Service retail foodservice stores charge $0.69 per ramen packet to restaurant owners, suggesting true distributor-to-restaurant wholesale is $0.20-$0.25.

$0.69 USD per packet (GFS retail) vs. 0.20-0.25 estimated true distributor wholesale

wholesale pricing ramen Gordon Food Service foodservice

Ramen institutional pallet/truckload pricing Statistic

Institutions purchasing ramen at Georgia's volume (2.3 million units, 96,000+ cases) typically pay $0.15-$0.20 per packet at pallet or truckload pricing.

0.15-0.20 USD per packet

wholesale pricing ramen institutional pallet pricing truckload

Ramen annual case volume Statistic

Georgia's annual purchase of 2.3 million ramen units equals 96,000+ cases, qualifying for pallet or truckload pricing from manufacturers.

96,000 cases per year (approximate)

purchasing volume ramen cases manufacturer pricing

Ramen fair pricing calculation Finding

If Georgia purchased ramen at true institutional wholesale ($0.20) and added a 30% markup, inmates would pay $0.26. With 50% markup, the price would be $0.30. Instead, inmates pay $0.90.

fair pricing ramen markup model

Ramen annual overcharge on single flavor Statistic

On 2.3 million units, excess ramen pricing (over fair pricing) extracts $1,472,000 annually from families on a single ramen flavor.

$1.5M USD per year (excess extraction, one flavor)

commissary revenue ramen annual overcharge extraction

Total ramen overcharge across all varieties Statistic

Across all ramen varieties, the overcharge likely exceeds $2 million annually.

$2M million USD per year (estimated)

commissary revenue ramen annual overcharge all varieties

Doritos Sam's Club Business pricing Statistic

Sam's Club sells Doritos Nacho Cheese 1.75 oz bags in 64-count cases for $38.36 ($0.60 per bag).

$0.60 USD per bag (Sam's Club) vs. 0.7 Georgia vendor price per bag

wholesale pricing Doritos Sam's Club Frito-Lay

Lay's Sam's Club Business pricing Statistic

Sam's Club sells Lay's Classic 1.5 oz bags in 64-count cases for $38.36 ($0.60 per bag).

$0.60 USD per bag (Sam's Club) vs. 0.7 Georgia vendor price per bag

wholesale pricing Lay's Sam's Club Frito-Lay

Chips vendor price premium over Sam's Club Statistic

Georgia's vendor charges $0.73 per bag for Doritos and Lay's when Sam's Club Business sells identical products for $0.60—a 22% premium over warehouse club pricing.

22%

vendor pricing Doritos Lay's Sam's Club Frito-Lay markup

Doritos annual sales volume Statistic

642,787 bags of Doritos are sold annually through Georgia's commissary system.

642,787 bags per year

commissary volume Doritos sales data

Lay's annual sales volume Statistic

339,721 bags of Lay's are sold annually through Georgia's commissary system.

339,721 bags per year

commissary volume Lay's sales data

Doritos annual savings if purchased at Sam's Club Statistic

Purchasing Doritos at Sam's Club pricing instead of vendor pricing would save $83,562 annually on 642,787 bags.

$83,562 USD annual savings

savings potential Doritos Sam's Club procurement

Lay's annual savings if purchased at Sam's Club Statistic

Purchasing Lay's at Sam's Club pricing instead of vendor pricing would save $44,164 annually on 339,721 bags.

$44,164 USD annual savings

savings potential Lay's Sam's Club procurement

Combined chip savings from Sam's Club purchasing Statistic

Combined annual savings of $127,726 on just two chip varieties (Doritos and Lay's) by purchasing from Sam's Club instead of through the vendor.

$127,726 USD annual savings

savings potential chips Sam's Club procurement Doritos Lay's

Doritos inmate markup over vendor cost Statistic

Georgia charges inmates $1.35 for Doritos after paying vendors $0.73, an 85% markup over vendor cost.

85%

commissary pricing Doritos markup vendor cost

Lay's inmate markup over vendor cost Statistic

Georgia charges inmates $1.40 for Lay's after paying vendors $0.73, a 92% markup over vendor cost.

92%

commissary pricing Lay's markup vendor cost

Chips inmate prices below Walmart single-bag retail Finding

Doritos ($1.35) and Lay's ($1.40) inmate prices fall 5-9% below Walmart's single-bag retail price of $1.48, creating an illusion of reasonableness.

commissary pricing Doritos Lay's retail comparison illusion

Identical vendor pricing for both Frito-Lay products Finding

The identical vendor pricing ($0.73) for both Doritos and Lay's despite different retail pricing structures suggests a standardized wholesale contract or distributor agreement with blanket markups.

vendor pricing Frito-Lay contract structure standardized pricing

Restaurant supply house chip pricing Statistic

Restaurant supply houses like FoodServiceDirect charge $0.76-$0.86 per bag of chips to foodservice operators.

0.76-0.86 USD per bag (foodservice)

wholesale pricing chips FoodServiceDirect restaurant supply

Bulk soap suppliers pricing Statistic

Bulk wholesale hygiene suppliers sell generic bar soap at $0.10-$0.15 per bar in 1,000-piece cases.

0.10-0.15 USD per bar (1,000-piece cases)

wholesale pricing bar soap bulk hygiene

Bar soap vendor overcharge factor Statistic

Georgia pays vendors $0.54-$1.24 per bar of soap, which is 6.75-15.5 times the true institutional wholesale cost of $0.08-$0.14.

6.75-15.5 times institutional wholesale cost

vendor pricing bar soap overcharge institutional wholesale

Target Dealworthy toothbrush retail price Statistic

Target's Dealworthy brand sells 2-packs of toothbrushes for $0.94 ($0.47 per brush) at retail.

$0.47 USD per brush (Target retail) vs. 1.1 inmate commissary price

retail pricing toothbrush Target hygiene

Toothbrush vendor cost Statistic

Georgia pays vendors $0.57 per toothbrush, already 42-280% above institutional wholesale of $0.15-$0.40.

$0.57 USD per toothbrush (vendor cost) vs. 0.15-0.40 institutional wholesale

vendor pricing toothbrush markup hygiene

Toothpaste inmate price at or near retail Statistic

Inmates pay $2.50-$3.00 for 4-6 oz toothpaste tubes versus $2.50-$2.83 at retail, representing 0-20% markup over retail—demonstrating fair pricing is possible.

0-20

commissary pricing toothpaste reasonable pricing hygiene

Shampoo inmate price below retail Statistic

Inmates pay $2.55-$2.60 for 12-18 oz shampoo bottles versus $4.18 retail (18oz), actually falling below retail but still 70-247% above true institutional bulk costs.

2.55-2.60 USD per bottle (inmate price) vs. 4.2 Walmart retail (18oz)

commissary pricing shampoo below retail hygiene

Strategic pricing pattern: visible vs invisible items Finding

Items families can easily compare to retail (shampoo, toothpaste) stay closer to retail pricing, while items where institutional wholesale pricing is less visible (soap, toothbrushes) face extreme markups.

pricing strategy exploitation visibility comparison shopping

Hot sauce priced competitively Statistic

Texas Pete 6oz hot sauce is priced at $1.15-$1.45 in commissary versus $1.48 at Walmart retail, representing -22% to -2% versus retail—proving the system can price fairly.

-22 to -2 vs. 1.5 Walmart retail

commissary pricing hot sauce fair pricing Texas Pete

Beef sticks priced at retail Statistic

Trail's Best 1oz beef sticks are priced at $1.00 in commissary, matching the low-end retail/convenience store price of $1.00.

$1.00 USD per stick (inmate price) vs. 1 low-end retail price

commissary pricing beef sticks Trail's Best fair pricing

Peanut butter Sam's Club pricing Statistic

Sam's Club sells Member's Mark Natural peanut butter in 40-oz containers for $4.06 ($1.63 per 16-oz equivalent).

$1.63 USD per 16oz equivalent (Sam's Club)

retail pricing peanut butter Sam's Club

Institutional peanut butter bulk pricing Statistic

Institutional bulk suppliers sell peanut butter in 28-lb pails and 25-lb tubs at approximately $0.90-$1.20 per pound.

0.90-1.20 USD per pound (institutional bulk)

wholesale pricing peanut butter institutional bulk

Protein pricing pattern is strategic Finding

Hot sauce (non-essential condiment) is fairly priced; beef sticks (processed snack protein) are reasonable at $1.00; but peanut butter and tuna (essential protein staples) are marked up 157-227% over retail—identifying what inmates need most and extracting accordingly.

pricing strategy protein nutrition exploitation essential items

Chronic pain sufferer monthly cost at commissary Statistic

A chronic pain sufferer taking 3-4 ibuprofen tablets daily would spend $20-27 monthly on pain relief at commissary prices that should cost $2-3 at fair pricing.

20-27 USD per month (commissary) vs. 2-3 fair pricing monthly cost

commissary pricing ibuprofen chronic pain monthly cost healthcare

Tampon name-brand comparison Statistic

Name-brand Playtex Sport multipacks at Walmart cost $2.00 per 8-count equivalent—still 70-113% less than commissary prices of $3.40-$4.25.

$2.00 USD per 8-count equivalent (Playtex Sport retail) vs. 3.40-4.25 commissary price

retail pricing tampons Playtex feminine hygiene

Tampon monthly commissary cost vs retail Statistic

Average menstrual cycles require 18-20 tampons (2.5 boxes at 8-count). At commissary pricing: $8.50-$10.63 monthly. At retail generic: $3.00 monthly.

8.50-10.63 USD per month (commissary) vs. 3 retail generic monthly cost

commissary pricing tampons monthly cost women

Five-year tampon excess cost Statistic

A woman serving 5 years pays $330-460 more than retail over her sentence just for menstrual products.

330-460 USD excess over retail (5-year sentence)

commissary pricing tampons long-term cost women sentencing

Tampon vendor cost Statistic

The vendor charges Georgia $2.11-$2.40 per 8-count tampon box, within range of retail for name brands but 76-100% above generic retail.

2.11-2.40 USD per 8-count box (vendor cost)

vendor pricing tampons feminine hygiene

States providing free menstrual products Policy

Several states now provide free menstrual products to incarcerated women, recognizing them as basic health necessities rather than commissary profit opportunities.

policy reform tampons feminine hygiene free provision other states

Vendor overcharge: ramen Statistic

For ramen, vendor overcharge is 60-100%: vendor charges $0.40 vs. verified wholesale of $0.314 (Bulkvana) and estimated institutional wholesale of $0.20-$0.25.

60-100

vendor overcharge ramen wholesale comparison

Vendor overcharge: chips Statistic

For Doritos/Lay's, vendor overcharge is 22-83%: vendor charges $0.73 vs. Sam's Club $0.60 and vending wholesale $0.40-$0.60.

22-83

vendor overcharge Doritos Lay's Sam's Club wholesale comparison

Vendor overcharge: tuna Statistic

For tuna, vendor overcharge is 29-159%: vendor charges $1.07-$1.81 vs. Sam's Club retail $0.83-$0.91 and institutional wholesale $0.70-$0.85.

29-159

vendor overcharge tuna Sam's Club wholesale comparison

Vendor overcharge: ibuprofen Statistic

For ibuprofen, vendor overcharge is 368-465%: vendor charges $1.92 for 20-24 tablets vs. retail $0.40-$0.48 and Costco bulk $0.34-$0.41.

368-465

vendor overcharge ibuprofen Costco wholesale comparison

Vendor overcharge: bar soap Statistic

For bar soap, vendor overcharge is 385-1,450%: vendor charges $0.54-$1.24 vs. institutional wholesale $0.08-$0.14.

385-1450

vendor overcharge bar soap institutional wholesale comparison

Systematic vendor overcharging range Finding

Georgia pays 22-465% more than legitimate institutional wholesale markets charge similar bulk purchasers, across multiple product categories.

vendor overcharge systematic institutional wholesale

Three explanations for vendor overcharging Finding

Three explanations for vendor overcharging: (1) vendor incompetence/poor sourcing, (2) deliberate overcharging with possible kickbacks, (3) fabricated vendor costs to justify inmate pricing. All represent failures of procurement oversight.

vendor overcharge accountability procurement kickbacks corruption

Sam's Club membership cost vs savings Statistic

A Sam's Club Business membership costs $50-100 annually but would save $127,726 on just two chip products alone.

50-100 USD annual membership cost vs. 127,726 annual savings on two chip products

procurement reform Sam's Club membership savings cost-benefit

Water annual sales volume Statistic

456,922 water bottles are sold annually through Georgia's commissary system.

456,922 bottles per year

commissary volume water sales data

Honey bun annual sales volume Statistic

Approximately 750,000 honey buns are sold annually through Georgia's commissary system.

750,000 units per year

commissary volume honey buns sales data

Honey bun vendor cost below standard wholesale Statistic

Georgia pays vendors $0.95 per honey bun while standard foodservice wholesale is $1.01 per unit. The vendor cost falling 6% below standard wholesale suggests below-market sourcing, likely from liquidation markets.

$0.95 USD per unit (vendor cost) vs. 1.0 standard foodservice wholesale

vendor pricing honey buns liquidation below wholesale

Honey bun inmate price Statistic

Inmates pay $1.65-$1.80 for honey buns.

1.65-1.80 USD per unit (inmate price)

commissary pricing honey buns

Bulkvana honey bun liquidation pricing Statistic

Bulkvana sells honey buns in 16-count cases for $14.24 ($0.89 per bun) with expiration dates of 12/21/2025—just two months from sale date, classic short-dated overstock pricing.

$0.89 USD per bun (liquidation)

liquidation pricing honey buns Bulkvana near-expiration

Marvell Foods serves prison systems Finding

Marvell Foods, a major salvage food broker, explicitly states it serves 'deep discount retail stores, prison system, and institutional entities' and specializes in 'short-coded products, excess inventory, package changes' including products 'expired to 12-month-old inventory.'

liquidation salvage Marvell Foods prison sourcing near-expiration

Liquidation suppliers offer 30-75% discounts Statistic

Liquidation/salvage suppliers offer 30-75% discounts off standard wholesale, with near-expiration products going even lower.

30-75

liquidation salvage discounts wholesale

Coffee inmate price vs retail Statistic

Inmates pay $6.35-$7.40 for 3oz coffee (Folgers/Maxwell) versus $2.80 retail equivalent, representing 127-164% markup over retail.

6.35-7.40 USD per 3oz (inmate price) vs. 2.8 retail equivalent

commissary pricing coffee markup

Rice inmate price vs retail Statistic

Inmates pay $3.32-$4.00 for 8oz rice (Minute Rice) versus $1.60 retail equivalent, representing 108-150% markup over retail.

3.32-4.00 USD per 8oz (inmate price) vs. 1.6 retail equivalent

commissary pricing rice markup

Cookies inmate price range Statistic

Inmates pay $2.40-$4.50 for 10-13oz cookies (Little Debbie) versus $2.97-$3.18 retail, ranging from -24% to +125% versus retail.

2.40-4.50 USD per package (inmate price) vs. 2.97-3.18 Walmart retail

commissary pricing cookies Little Debbie

Deodorant pricing complexity Statistic

Deodorant pricing ranges widely: inmates pay $1.15-$4.30 versus $3.87-$5.16 retail, with some items priced 70% below retail and others 11% above retail. Wholesale markup is 130-388%.

1.15-4.30 USD (inmate price range) vs. 3.87-5.16 retail price range

commissary pricing deodorant hygiene variable pricing

Ramen inmate markup over vendor cost Statistic

Georgia adds a 125% markup over the vendor price of $0.40 to charge inmates $0.90 for ramen.

125%

commissary pricing ramen institutional markup

Ibuprofen institutional markup over vendor cost Statistic

Georgia adds a 108% markup over the vendor cost of $1.92 to charge inmates $4.00 for generic ibuprofen.

108%

commissary pricing ibuprofen institutional markup

Model 1 fair pricing: ramen Finding

Under fair pricing Model 1 (true institutional wholesale + 30% markup), ramen would cost $0.26 versus current $0.90, saving $0.64 per packet.

fair pricing ramen reform model savings

Model 1 fair pricing: ibuprofen Finding

Under fair pricing Model 1, ibuprofen would cost $0.52 versus current $4.00, saving $3.48 per package.

fair pricing ibuprofen reform model savings

Model 1 fair pricing: bar soap Finding

Under fair pricing Model 1, bar soap would cost $0.18 versus current $1.68 average, saving $1.50 per bar.

fair pricing bar soap reform model savings

Annual savings: ramen under fair pricing Statistic

On 2.3 million ramen units, fair pricing (Model 1) would save families $1,472,000 annually.

$1.5M USD annual savings

savings potential ramen fair pricing annual

Annual savings: water under fair pricing Statistic

On 456,922 water bottles, fair pricing (Model 1) would save families $196,476 annually.

$196,476 USD annual savings

savings potential water fair pricing annual

Annual savings: Doritos under fair pricing Statistic

On 642,787 Doritos bags, fair pricing (Model 1) would save families $385,672 annually.

$385,672 USD annual savings

savings potential Doritos fair pricing annual

Annual savings: Lay's under fair pricing Statistic

On 339,721 Lay's bags, fair pricing (Model 1) would save families $220,819 annually.

$220,819 USD annual savings

savings potential Lay's fair pricing annual

Annual savings: beef sticks under fair pricing Statistic

On 1,062,560 beef sticks, fair pricing (Model 1) would save families $531,280 annually.

$531,280 USD annual savings

savings potential beef sticks fair pricing annual

Total annual savings on top 5 items under fair pricing Statistic

Total annual savings to inmates and families on just 5 high-volume items under fair wholesale-plus-markup pricing: $2,806,247.

$2.8M USD annual savings (5 items)

savings potential fair pricing annual total

Estimated total excess extraction across all commissary Statistic

Estimated total excess extraction from Georgia inmates and families across all commissary purchases: $8-15 million annually compared to fair pricing models.

8-15 million USD annual excess extraction

total extraction commissary annual excess fair pricing comparison

June 2025 contract renewal opportunity Policy

A June 2025 contract renewal is mentioned as providing opportunity for fundamental commissary pricing reform.

contract renewal reform opportunity procurement June 2025

Recommended markup cap: essential healthcare Policy

Investigation recommends maximum 10-15% markup over retail for essential healthcare items (pain relievers, feminine hygiene, first aid).

policy recommendation markup cap healthcare reform

Recommended markup cap: basic hygiene Policy

Investigation recommends maximum 20-25% markup over retail for basic hygiene/dignity items (soap, toothpaste, toothbrushes, shampoo, deodorant).

policy recommendation markup cap hygiene reform

Recommended markup cap: food staples Policy

Investigation recommends maximum 30-35% markup over true wholesale for food staples (protein sources, meal components).

policy recommendation markup cap food reform

Institutional food distributor competition Finding

Legitimate institutional food service distributors (US Foods, Sysco, Gordon Food Service) compete aggressively for large contracts and offer pricing well below Georgia's reported vendor costs.

procurement US Foods Sysco Gordon Food Service competition reform

Marvell Foods near-expiration product range Finding

Marvell Foods deals in products ranging from 'expired to 12-month-old inventory' including short-coded products, excess inventory, and package changes.

liquidation Marvell Foods near-expiration salvage expired products

Liquidation suppliers reviewed Methodology note

Investigation reviewed multiple liquidation/salvage suppliers: S&B Provisions (closeouts, overruns, overstock, discontinued items), Select Liquidation (grocery truckloads with Georgia shipping), Continental Wholesale (overstocks and excess inventory), AAA Closeout Liquidators ('below wholesale prices' on all in-date products).

liquidation salvage suppliers methodology S&B Provisions Select Liquidation Continental Wholesale AAA Closeout Liquidators

False baseline justification mechanism Finding

Georgia likely justifies inmate pricing by pointing to vendor costs ('We only mark up 50-100% over what we pay vendors'), but this defense collapses when vendor costs themselves are revealed as inflated 22-465% above market rates.

justification false baseline vendor costs accountability pricing structure

Peanut butter nutritional importance Finding

A 16-oz jar of peanut butter provides roughly 16 servings of protein-rich food. At fair pricing ($1.50-$2.25), inmates could afford protein supplementation. At $5.60, it becomes a luxury item.

nutrition peanut butter protein health impact affordability

Recommendation: free feminine hygiene products Policy

Investigation recommends feminine hygiene products should be provided free, following growing state practice of recognizing menstrual products as healthcare necessities rather than commissary profit opportunities.

policy recommendation feminine hygiene free provision reform menstrual products

Recommendation: free basic hygiene items Policy

Investigation recommends basic hygiene items (minimal soap, toothbrush, toothpaste) be provided in adequate quantities free, with commissary offering upgraded/preferred brands.

policy recommendation hygiene free provision reform

Recommendation: OTC pain relievers at clinic-dispensed levels Policy

Investigation recommends over-the-counter pain relievers at clinic-dispensed levels for documented need.

policy recommendation pain relief ibuprofen clinic reform

Recommendation: independent oversight board Policy

Investigation recommends establishing commissary pricing oversight board including independent auditors, inmate family advocates, and procurement experts.

policy recommendation oversight transparency reform accountability

Recommendation: commissary profit use restrictions Policy

Investigation recommends requiring by law that excess commissary revenues fund educational programs, re-entry services, victim restitution, or inmate welfare funds, and prohibiting use of commissary profits to fund general correctional operations.

policy recommendation revenue use reform education reentry

Recommendation: ban on promotional sample sales Policy

Investigation recommends banning sale of promotional samples and travel-sized products clearly intended as free giveaways.

policy recommendation promotional samples ban reform

Recommendation: transparent pricing disclosure Policy

Investigation recommends posting comparison charts in housing units showing commissary prices versus Walmart retail, and publishing vendor costs and institutional markups separately.

policy recommendation transparency pricing disclosure reform

Recommendation: whistleblower protections Policy

Investigation recommends implementing whistleblower protections for staff or vendors who report pricing irregularities or pressure to inflate costs.

policy recommendation whistleblower reform accountability

Estimated savings from eliminating vendor and reducing markup Statistic

Estimated $2-5 million in annual savings on these 20 items alone by eliminating vendor markup and reducing institutional markup to fair levels.

2-5 million USD annual savings (20 items)

savings potential reform vendor elimination fair pricing

Near-expiration sourcing ethical concerns Finding

Products sourced from liquidation markets may be short-dated or salvage products, but inmates are not informed and pay prices that don't reflect actual acquisition costs.

liquidation near-expiration ethics transparency product quality

Ramen salvage pricing estimate Statistic

Near-expiration or overstock ramen from salvage/overstock brokers like Marvell Foods likely costs $0.10-$0.20 per packet.

0.10-0.20 USD per packet (salvage estimate)

salvage pricing ramen Marvell Foods near-expiration

Exclusive vendor arrangement concern Finding

The state appears locked into an exclusive vendor arrangement that costs taxpayers and inmate families millions in unnecessary markups, rather than competitive procurement.

vendor relationship exclusive contract procurement competition reform

Number of items investigated Methodology note

The investigation examined 20 high-volume commissary staples.

methodology scope investigation

Ibuprofen is cheapest mass-produced pharmaceutical Finding

Generic ibuprofen is described as among the cheapest mass-produced pharmaceuticals in America, with no legitimate market where 20-24 tablets cost $1.92 wholesale.

ibuprofen pharmaceutical pricing vendor overcharge

Water vendor price Statistic

Georgia pays vendors $0.18 per 16.9oz water bottle versus $0.137 at Walmart (40-pack) and $0.21 at pallet pricing.

$0.18 USD per bottle (vendor price) vs. 0.1 Walmart 40-pack per bottle

vendor pricing water Walmart comparison

Institutional shampoo bulk pricing Statistic

True institutional bulk pricing for shampoo is $0.75-$1.50 per bottle.

0.75-1.50 USD per bottle (institutional bulk)

wholesale pricing shampoo institutional bulk

Peanut butter vendor cost suggests retail purchasing Finding

Georgia vendor cost of $2.60 per 16-oz peanut butter jar exceeds Sam's Club retail by 59%, suggesting either inflated invoicing or the vendor is simply purchasing retail products and reselling them.

vendor pricing peanut butter inflated invoicing retail purchasing

Peanut butter institutional markup over vendor Statistic

After paying vendors $2.60 per jar, Georgia adds another 115% markup to charge inmates $5.60 for peanut butter.

115%

commissary pricing peanut butter institutional markup

Institutional tuna wholesale pricing Statistic

Institutional food distributors typically charge $0.70-$0.85 per 5-oz can of tuna in case quantities.

0.70-0.85 USD per 5oz can (institutional wholesale)

wholesale pricing tuna institutional case quantity

Sources

24 cited sources backing this research.

Secondary Data portal

AAA Closeout Liquidators Supplier Information

— AAA Closeout Liquidators

Primary Data portal

Amazon Subscribe & Save pricing

— Amazon

Secondary Data portal

Bulk Wholesale Hygiene Supplier Pricing (Soap, Toothbrushes)

— Multiple bulk hygiene suppliers

Primary Data portal

Bulkvana Wholesale Pricing (Ramen and Honey Buns)

— Bulkvana

Secondary Data portal

Continental Wholesale Supplier Information

— Continental Wholesale

Primary Data portal

Costco Bulk Pricing (Ibuprofen)

— Costco

Primary Data portal

FoodServiceDirect pricing

— FoodServiceDirect

Primary Data portal

Georgia Commissary Suppliers / Stewart's Distribution Vendor Pricing Data

— Georgia Commissary Suppliers (Stewart's Distribution)

Primary Official report

Georgia Department of Corrections Commissary Sales Data (Unit Volumes)

— Georgia Department of Corrections

Primary Legal document

Georgia GDC June 2025 Commissary Contract Renewal

— Georgia Department of Corrections (Jan 1, 2025)

Primary Gps original

Georgia's Prison Commissary Extraction Machine

— Georgia Prisoners' Speak

Primary Data portal

Gordon Food Service Retail Foodservice Pricing

— Gordon Food Service

Primary Gps original

GPS commissary pricing investigation, 2025 — GPS-collected GDC commissary price records

Georgia Prisoners' Speak — Georgia Prisoners' Speak (Jan 1, 2025)

Secondary Data portal

Hotel Amenity / Dental Supply / Promotional Product Distributor Information (Travel Toothpaste)

— Multiple hotel amenity and dental supply companies

Secondary Data portal

Institutional Food Distributor Pricing References (US Foods, Sysco)

— US Foods / Sysco / institutional food distributors

Primary Data portal

Kroger Retail Pricing

— Kroger

Primary Data portal

Marvell Foods Salvage/Overstock Broker Information

— Marvell Foods

Secondary Data portal

S&B Provisions Liquidation Supplier Information

— S&B Provisions

Primary Data portal

Sam's Club / Sam's Club Business Pricing (Multiple Products)

— Sam's Club

Secondary Data portal

Select Liquidation Supplier Information

— Select Liquidation

Primary Official report

Shadow Budgets: How mass incarceration steals from the poor to give to the prison

— Prison Policy Initiative (May 1, 2024)

Primary Data portal

Target Dealworthy Brand Pricing

— Target

Primary Data portal

Walmart Retail Pricing (Multiple Products)

— Walmart

Primary Data portal

WebstaurantStore Bulk Hygiene Pricing (Bar Soap)

— WebstaurantStore

Key Entities

Organizations, people, facilities, and other named entities referenced in this research.

AAA Closeout Liquidators [organization]

Arizona Department of Corrections [organization]

Bulkvana [organization]

California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation [organization]

Colgate [organization]

Continental Wholesale [organization]

Costco [organization]

Dauphin County Prison [facility]

Florida Department of Corrections [organization]

Folgers [organization]

FoodServiceDirect [organization]

Frito-Lay [organization]

Fulton County Jail [facility]

Georgia Commissary Suppliers [organization]

Georgia Department of Corrections [organization]

Georgia Prisoners' Speak [organization]

Georgia's Prison Commissary Extraction Machine [operation]

Gordon Food Service [organization]

June 2025 Contract Renewal [case]

Kroger [organization]

Little Debbie [organization]

Maruchan [organization]

Marvell Foods [organization]

Maxwell House [organization]

Minnesota Department of Corrections [organization]

Minute Rice [organization]

Mrs. Freshley's [organization]

Playtex [organization]

Prison Policy Initiative [organization]

S&B Provisions [organization]

Sam's Club [organization]

Select Liquidation [organization]

Sysco [organization]

Target [organization]

Texas Pete [organization]

Trail's Best [organization]

US Foods [organization]

Vermont [organization]

Walmart [organization]

WebstaurantStore [organization]